Abstract: Airborne gravity and magnetic surveys, the step edge detection (SD) filter for gravity and magnetic data, comprising the ratios of derivatives of varied orders, enables clear identification of ore body boundaries. Deriving the Euler deconvolution equation based on the SD filter can reduce the dependence on the selection of the structural index, thereby mitigating the divergence of the traditional Euler method and obtaining more convergent results. Moreover, the maximum values of the SD filter and the ore body boundary characteristics can be used as screening criteria to enhance the extraction of the step characteristics of magnetic anomalies. This enhancement can further improve the accuracy of calculation results, thereby achieving simultaneous high-precision inversion of ore body boundaries and depths. The effectiveness of the Euler deconvolution method based on the SD filter (also referred to as the proposed method) was verified using simulated gravity and magnetic data. The simulation results demonstrate that compared to other methods, the SD filter revealed a slightly different horizontal distribution but more accurate depth information. Additionally, the proposed method was insensitive to the magnetization direction. To explore the iron ore resources in eastern Qian'an City, a significant iron ore prospect area in Hebei Province, China, the research team performed aeromagnetic and gradient surveys and calculated the distribution of iron ore bodies using the proposed method. The research results indicate that this method can be used for aviation airborne gravity and magnetic data processing, and has good practical application effects and prospects.