Abstract: A geothermal system is composed of four geological elements: sources, pathways, cap rocks, and reservoirs. Currently, these elements are primarily identified and analyzed based on geophysical, seismic, and geological results. The geophysical and geochemical effects induced by geothermal systems can lead to the formation of geochemical anomalies of these elements on the surface. This study investigated the geothermal system in the Shiba Basin, Huizhou City, Guangdong Province. By referring to the geochemical characteristics of the neighboring Huangshadong geothermal field and combining the geothermal geological conditions, sources of various indicators, and physicochemical properties, this study selected the optimal indicators for identifying the four geological elements mentioned above. Accordingly, a corresponding geochemical identification method was developed. The results indicate that the geothermal system in the Shiba Basin has a heat source of a mixed crust-mantle source, with mantle- and crust-derived heat accounting for 54.42% and 45.58%, respectively. The geothermal reservoirs exhibit three heat supply modes: heat transfer via the Heyuan deep-seated fault, radioactive heat generation by granites, and heat transfer via intrusions. Meteoric water serves as the primary water source, recharging geothermal play fairways through the Heyuan and Zijin-Boluo deep-seated faults. Using the proposed geochemical identification method, three geothermal play fairways have been identified in the Shiba Basin. They are predicted to have an average cap rock thickness of 2 629 m and an average reservoir temperature of 167 ℃, identified as composite hydrothermal-hot dry rock (HDR) high-temperature geothermal systems.