Abstract: This study analyzed the distributions, enrichment characteristics, and health risks of heavy metals (Cd, Cr, Hg, As, and Pb) in soil-crop (maize, rice, and wheat) systems in the Shizuishan area, Ningxia Hui Autonomous Region. The results indicate that the contents of heavy metals in the soils were below national background values, with the geoaccumulation index indicating an overall clean soil environment. Different crops showed significant differences in their ability to enrich heavy metals, with Cd and Pb being more enriched in wheat, and As and Hg being more enriched in rice. Moreover, significant correlations were observed between soil pH and heavy metal enrichment coefficients. With an increase in pH value, maize exhibited markedly increased enrichment coefficients for Cr and As, whereas rice manifested a notably decreased enrichment coefficient for As. Soil organic matter inhibited the ability of crops to absorb and enrich heavy metals by reducing the bioavailability of heavy metals. The health risk assessment reveals a high non-carcinogenic risk index for children via the hand-to-mouth route. The As content in some samples exceeded the limit specified in food safety standards, requiring targeted monitoring. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for soil contamination control and safe crop production.