Abstract: Offset and source weight constitute critical factors influencing the data acquisition of transient Rayleigh surface waves. Hence, it is necessary to examine the characteristics of dispersion spectra derived from surface wave data acquired under different offsets and source weights. This study investigated the influence of the two critical factors on dispersion spectra through theoretical analysis and numerical simulation. Based on field experiments, this study delved into the characteristics of dispersion spectra from surface wave data collected at various excitation locations of seismic sources with different weights. To address the discrepancies in dispersion spectra caused by varying source locations during the data acquisition of transient surface waves, this study proposed a superposition and fusion method for multi-dispersion spectra, significantly enhancing the effectiveness of surface wave detection results.