Abstract: It shows that atmospheric deposition is one of the main sources of soil heavy metal pollution. In order to find out the effects of atmospheric wet and dry deposition on farmland soil, the accumulation of heavy metals in farmland soil was analysed by monitoring the dry and wet deposition in the study area and testing the heavy metal content, estimating the dry and wet deposition flux, heavy metal change rate and potential ecological risk assessment. The results showed that the heavy metal content of dry and wet sediment exceeded the content of Cd, Pb and Zn in the surrounding soil, and Cd and Zn exceeded the soil pollution screening value of agricultural land by 2.25 times and 1.09 times;The annual flux of heavy metal elements in the dry and wet precipitation of the atmosphere is smaller than the national average, and the sedimentation flux order is Zn>Cr>Pb>Cu>Ni>As>Cd>Hg, the annual sedimentation flux of Zn is the highest, and the sedimentation flux of Cd is low. The geo-accumulation index showed that in the atmospheric dust, Cd reached extremely high pollution level, followed by Hg, Pb, there was no As and Ni pollution. The heavy metals with the most significant impact of atmospheric dry and wet sediment on soil were Cd and Zn, with an increase of 0.421 mg/kg and 104.653 mg/kg after one year, and the annual change rates reached 0.138% and 0.146%, which indicated that the atmospheric deposition was one of the most important sources of the heavy metal Cd and Zn in the farmland soil. The sedimentation flux of Cd is low, but its content exceeded the standard the most, and caused the most significant changes in the soil environment, which needs to be paid attention to.