Abstract: Based on the water quality analysis of 53 sets of shallow groundwater samples from the eastern start-up area, this study examined the distribution characteristics and genetic mechanisms of fluoride concentration (F^-) using methods such as chemical composition diagrams, proportion coefficient analysis, correlation analysis, and hydrogeochemical modeling. The results indicate that the F^- concentration in shallow groundwater ranges from 0 to 2.85 mg/L, with a coefficient of variation (C_V) of 72.78%, and is unevenly distributed horizontally. Horizontally, shallow groundwater with a high F^- concentration (also referred to as high-fluoride groundwater) is concentrated in the northwest and northern parts of the study area. Such groundwater exhibits complex hydrochemical types, and environments with weak alkalinity, low calcium, and high sodium favor fluoride ion enrichment. The F^- enrichment in shallow groundwater is primarily influenced by climate, terrain, topography, and hydrogeological conditions. Primary mechanisms behind the formation of high-fluoride groundwater include the dissolution of fluorine-bearing minerals in shallow groundwater, as well as the evaporation and concentration of shallow groundwater itself. Additionally, the ion exchange and adsorption processes further contribute to F^- enrichment. The F^- concentration in shallow groundwater in the northern part of the study area exceeds the threshold of the human health risk index and thus should be dealt with. The results of this study provide a scientific basis for the management and utilization of high-fluoride groundwater resources.