高阶动校正速度拾取方法在海域超压分布中的应用
Application of the velocity picking method based on high-order normal-moveout correction in predicting overpressure distributions in marine areas
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摘要: 由于超压沉积盆地在海域中普遍存在且分布广泛,通常具备良好的油气成藏条件,对于油气资源评价与勘探部署具有重要的指导意义。速度是超压分布研究的关键参数,随着对预测超压分布精度要求的提高,对地震速度的精度和质量提出了越来越高的要求。海域井网较陆地钻井更为稀疏,因此地震速度的井约束不足,其可靠性需要多方评价,同时经常规速度分析或建模方法获取的地震速度容易存在分辨率不足的问题,因此采用基于非相关参数的高阶动校正为理论基础的高密度双谱速度拾取方法所获得的有利目标区更高分辨率的地震速度体是研究海域盆地超压分布的一种有效手段。本文首先介绍了高阶动校正的方法原理,随后展示了该方法在东海某探区的应用过程。实际应用表明:高阶动校正后的地震速度体可以更好地反映地下高压分布情况,表明该方法在海域超压分布研究中具有良好的应用前景。Abstract: Overpressured sedimentary basins are ubiquitous and extensively distributed in marine areas.They typically possess favorable conditions for hydrocarbon accumulation,thus holding considerable significance for guiding hydrocarbon resource evaluation and exploration deployment.Velocity serves as a key parameter for research on overpressure distributions.The increasing demands for higher accuracy in overpressure distribution prediction impose higher requirements on the accuracy and quality of seismic velocities.Compared to well patterns in land areas,the more sparse well patterns in marine areas lead to insufficient well constraints on seismic velocities,requiring a comprehensive reliability evaluation.Additionally,seismic velocities obtained from conventional velocity analysis or modeling often show insufficient resolution.Therefore,this study proposed a high-density bispectral velocity picking method under the theoretical framework of high-order normal-moveout(NMO) based on uncorrelated parameters.The proposed method can obtain higher-resolution seismic velocity volumes for favorable target areas,providing an effective approach to exploring overpressure distributions in marine basins.This study first presented the theoretical principles of high-order NMO correction.Subsequently,it demonstrated the application of the proposed method in a specific exploration area in the East China Sea.The practical application suggests that seismic velocity volumes subjected to high-order NMO correction can effectively reflect subsurface overpressure distributions,showing promising prospects in the research on overpressure distributions in marine areas.
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