Abstract: To ascertain the nutritional quality, oil content characteristics, and growing environment of camellia oleifera in Youyang, Chongqing, China, this study analyzed the fatty acid composition of camellia oil and the oil content of camellia oleifera fruits produced in different strata. Furthermore, this study evaluated the soil nutrients and environmental quality of the site. The results indicate that the camellia oil from Youyang exhibited a similar fatty acid composition to olive oil, suggesting that camellia oleifera seeds are valuable high-grade oilseeds. The oil content of camellia oleifera fruits is significantly associated with strata. Camellia oleifera fruits produced in the Permian strata exhibit the highest oil content, followed by those in the Silurian and Ordovician strata sequentially. The cause of the differences lies in the varying geochemical composition of soils in different strata. The camellia oleifera site in Youyang manifests average soil nutrients but relatively high soil environmental quality, with only slightly over-limit Cd content. Therefore, camellia oleifera should be cultivated by applying various fertilizers in a scientific manner to ensure its healthy growth.