Abstract: Surface soil samples in Yaling Town, Yichuan County -Xiaodian Town, Ruyang County in Luoyang City were collected and analyzed to study the selenium (Se) speciation and its influencing factors. The study results are as follows. Existing Se in the surface soil of the study area mainly occurs in humic acid, residue, and strong organic states, while the sum of Se in water-soluble and ion-exchange states only accounts for 2.70% of total Se in the surface soil. Therefore, the Se in the study area shows the characteristics of the low content of water-soluble Se and a significantly high proportion of organic Se in total Se. The Se speciation in the surface soil is affected by the total Se content, pH, organic matter content, and type of soil. Specifically, the proportion of bioavailable Se in alkaline soil is significantly higher than that in neutral and acidic soils, and the bioavailable selenium content increases with increasing soil pH. Especially, the organic matter content in the soil has the most significant effects on organic Se but has no significant effect on bioavailable Se. For different types of soils, the proportion of the sum of Se in water-soluble and ionic-exchange states in total Se is in the order of red clay>paddy soil>brown soil>skeleton soil>fluvo-aquic soil>lime concretion black soil.