Abstract: Influenced by the difficulty of exploration and poor seismic quality, the exploration of oil-gas resources in the southwest of Tarim Basin has not achieved a substantial breakthrough after decades of work. Based on the latest high-precision aeromagnetic data obtained in Southwest Tarim Basin in recent years, this paper discusses the geological problems related to oil-gas accumulation, such as basement structure of basin, distribution and characteristics of depressions, main fault structures and their controlling rules for oil-gas migration and accumulation, local anomalies and favorable local structures of oil-gas as well as their distribution characteristics. The results of the study can provide important reference for the further strategic selection of oil-gas exploration and deep resource evaluation in Southwest Tarim Basin.