The work area is located in the north-central part of Laos which is covered by rainforest and close to the intersection between Truong Son North-West trend magma-tectonic belt and North-East trend Louangphabang magma-tectonic belt. The result of soil survey shows that Cu and Pb, Zn, Ag, Sn, Mo, Sb, Hg, As, Cd, Co, Bi together represent a major element association for ore deposits characterized generally by similar growth and decline trends. The metallogenic elements of Cu, Pb and Zn are mainly distributed in the contact zone between granite and carbonate, displaying obvious zoning with other coexisting or associated elements such as Mo, Sn, Bi, Ag and Cd. Cu anomalies are mainly in the inner side close to granite, whereas Pb and Zn anomalies are mostly in the outer side close to carbonate. The soil geochemical characteristics show that the ore deposits in the work area should belong to skarn type with large metallogenic potential.

老挝中部、北部热带雨林地区的大地构造位置大致处于北西向长山岩浆—构造带和北东向琅布拉邦岩浆—构造带的交汇部位。该区域地表土壤测量分析表明,Cu与Pb、Zn、Ag、Sn、Mo、Sb、Hg、As、Cd、Co、Bi总体呈共消长关系,为最佳元素组合。本区Cu、Pb、Zn等主要成矿元素沿花岗岩与灰岩接触带分布,Cu、Pb、Zn相关性不大并具有明显的分带性,Cu分布于接触带靠近花岗岩一侧,Pb、Zn分布于接触带靠近灰岩一侧,共伴生组分Mo、Sn、Bi、Ag、Cd等异常明显。本区的元素组合可划分为5类:①Cu与Ag;②Pb与Bi;③Zn与Cd;④Sn与Mo;⑤Sb与Hg、As。从元素分布特征看,本区具有矽卡岩的成矿特征,同时又可能有斑岩成矿的潜力。

在界定景观及景观地球化学研究对象及内容的基础上,概述了景观地球化学的思想和研究方法,其中整体论是各种研究方法的基础,非常规研究方法将占据重要地位.同时,对国内外景观地球化学研究的现状及进展进行综述与分析.提出单学科深入与多学科交叉整合发展是21世纪景观地球化学研究发展的趋势,也是其在地球系统科学研究和实施"可持续发展"战略中发挥重要作用的关键.

The forest-swamp landscape area has very complex geographic conditions and is composed of numerous sublandscape types.Large-area regional geochemical landscape researches have not yet been sufficiently carried out.Based on characteristics of the forest-swamp area of Heilongjiang Province and starting with the main weathering forms and the affecting factors in the forest-swamp area,this paper has classified the sublandscape types of the forest-swamp area in Heilongjiang Province.

森林沼泽景观区条件复杂,亚景观类型众多,长期以来一直缺少大面积区域性的地球化学景观研究工作。根据黑龙江森林沼泽区的特点,从研究森林沼泽区风化作用的主要形式和影响因素出发,对黑龙江森林沼泽区亚景观类型进行了划分。

自森林沼泽景观区1∶20万区域化探工作开展以来,各个单位、不同阶段工 作方法技术各有不同,工作效果不明显.中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所近年来通过试验研究制定了新的工作方法技术,认为1∶20万水系沉积物测 量采样粒级为-10～+60目,采样密度为(1～2)个点/4 km2,可取得好的效果.笔者仅以一二五公里幅区域化探为例对新、旧方法技术的应用效果加以分析对比.

本研究是区域化探全国扫面规划中拟进行的复杂景观区化探方法研究之一。由地质矿产部物探研究所区域化探组与青海地质局化探队承担,于1978―1979年在青海扎多一带唐古拉山区进行。研究区位于高寒山区腹地,海拔4300―5600米。属强烈隆升剥蚀区,中切割、水系发育。高山寒冻环境,年平均气温―1°――5℃以下,冰川、霜冻、泥流作用强烈。年降水量400―600毫

The Dashuiting gold mine is exemplified to exhibit the characteristics of secondary halo of gold deposits in this region. The study on landscape geochemistry indicates that the secondary halo is characterized by lower contents of Au and Ag.

通过对内蒙古大水清金矿区地球化学景观的研究,分析了该地区金矿床的次生晕形成特点,特别是在次生晕中,主要成矿元素Au、Ag等偏低,形成了该区所特有的景观地球化学特点

Forest swamp is an important landscape type in China. New technology has been used to re-implement the regional geochemical survey of the forest swamp landscape since 2000. An area of 290 000 km 2 had been completed by the end of 2011. 73 000 pieces of stream sediment samples were collected and analyzed for 39 elements or oxides. Valuable geochemical information was accumulated in this study. Series of geochemical parameters such as the average, median, standard deviation, and range of elements content were calculated by JinWei software of geoscience information processing application systems (GeoIPAS). The results provide some important reference information concerning the regional geochemical characteristics of the landscape area and geochemical anomalies for further evaluation of mineral resources in such landscape areas of China.

森林沼泽是我国重要的景观类型,自2000年以来采用新的方法技术重新实施了森林沼泽景观区域地球化学调查,截至2011年已完成调查面积29万km 2 ,采集水系沉积物样品73 000余件,分析测试39种元素或氧化物,积累了十分丰富的地球化学信息。针对这些十分宝贵的资料,笔者采用金维地学信息处理研究应用系统(GeoIPAS)计算了数据平均值、中位值、标准离差、数值范围等系列参数。统计的各种地球化学参数值反映了该景观区的地球化学区域性特征,为进一步研究地球化学分布规律,发现地球化学异常,开展矿产资源远景评价提供了重要的基础性参考依据。

正 国内外实践证明,区域化探是寻找有色金属、贵金属、稀有金属、铀以及磷、钾等多种矿产比较经济有效的手段;是划分地球化学省和圈定成矿省,进行区域成矿预测,确定找矿战略区的重要方法;是基础地质研究和地球化学研究的重要组成部分.地球化学编图是显示地球化学数据的良好方法,评价解释异常的重要手段之一.为了配合冶金地质系统成矿区(带)地球化学普查的开展,本文对国内外区域化探及地球化学编图概况,包括某些有关方法,加以简要介绍.

This article aims at making a comparative study of various schemes of geomorphological classification formulated both at home and abroad.By absorbing their strong points.Such classification is done by means of combining morphology with morphogenesis,taking into account the comprehensive indexes of geomorphological ages.The hierarchy of mountainous relief is classified in accordance with the indexes of the altitude ranging from 5,000m,3,500m to 800m as against the relative height of 200m to 100m.The continental geomorphology of our country is divided into 12 major types or groups and 5 major classes,as shown in the proposed table of geomorphological classification here attached(see Table2),which can be used for geomorphological mapping on different scales.

地貌分类是地貌制图的基础,也是地貌学和地貌制图学中重要的理论问题之一。到目前为止,国内、外学者已提出八十多个地貌分类方案,但仍然没有一个比较统一的方案。这说明对地球表面形态和成因各异、种类繁多的地貌进行科学和系统的分类,是一项繁杂而艰巨的工作。

Geomoronology is a science dealing with the morphology of earth surface. Since the morphology of the earth surface is moulded by combined action of endogenic and exdogenic agencies, attention should be focused on the genesis of morphology in classifying morphological types. By using fuzzy mathematics, this paper gives some ma thematic definitions of mountain, hill, plat-form and plain, and further more, establishes indices for the classification of fundamental morphological types based on the maximum membership princi-ple.Two schemes of more detailed classification of fundamental morphological types have been designed that pay more attention to residual steplike geo-morphological structures and, especially, to the developing ones. Also a brief remark on their merits and demerits has been made

本文从地貌学的性质出发,确定形态分类的指导原则应着眼于反映成因的形态。运用模糊数学方法建立形态基本类型的分类系统。给出进一步划分基本形态类型的两个分类方案,并分析它们的优缺点。