Based on researches on the spatialtemporal relationship between the distribution of mineral resources and the characteristics of regional gravity and magnetic fields in Guizhou Province, the authors have reached some conclusions: the distribution of gravity and magnetic anomalies can be divided into zones in the westeast direction and into blocks in the northsouth direction; the known Al, P, Au, PbZn, Sb, Hg, Mn and coal deposits are regularly distributed in corresponding zones and blocks, showing regional regularity and localized characteristics. It is thus held that the regional distribution of mineral resources adheres to some regularities, and that most mineral resources are consistent with gravity low anomalies. This understanding is of siderable reference value.

Geotectonic researchers commonly hold that the Lower Yangtze area belongs to a stable craton while the South China area falls into an active orogen, whose basements are obviously different from each other. Based on an analysis of geological-geophysical data and the 1∶500 000 united compilation of aeromagnetic data, the authors made a comparison between the PreSinian basements of these two areas and revealed that they have similar Lower Proterozoic crystalline basements. This study gives a solution to the controversy as to whether there exist Cathaysia and a rigid basement in Lower Yangtze area or not.

Exemplified by the discovery of the Sunjiatun Mo deposit in Inner Mongolia, this paper recounts the  effects of applying integrated geophysicalgeochemical technique to the anomaly inspection in the Da Hinggan Ling forestswamp special landscape region. In the forestswamp special landscape region, the full utilization of the integrated geophysicalgeochemical technique can rapidly clarify the nature of the anomaly and locate the oreprospecting sector, thus remarkably improving the oreprospecting efficiency.

 The advantages of the bilateral axial poledipole array lie in its considerable data collection capacity, strong IP signal, great penetration depth, high exploration precision and high efficiency. The poledipole array is an nonsymmetrical array which gives rise to relatively complicated anomalies in the pseudosection. In a working district within Bairin Left Banner of Inner Mongolia, the authors used GDP32II geophysical digital receiver made by Zonge Company and bilateral poledipole time domain IP sounding to explore silver and leadzinc polymetallic ore deposits and employed drilling inspection of the 2D inversion of geoelectric section for common shatter zones and polymetallic mineralization. It is shown that this method is very ffective in oreprospecting work of the survey area.

Gold deposits in XiaoqinlingXionger Mountain area is the second large gold producing area in China. Through analyzing sulfur isotope geochemical characteristics of gold deposits in this area, the authors have reached some conclusions: ①gold deposits of different geneses have somewhat different total sulfur isotopic compositions: quartz veintype gold deposits generally have total sulfur isotopic composition of -5‰～5‰, indicating mantlederived sulfur, whereas gold deposits of altered rock type have total sulfur isotopic composition of ＜-5‰，resulting from sulfur isotopic fractionation caused by the change of the physicalchemical conditions during the mineralization; ②mineral composition and crystallization sequence can be deduced on the basis of isotopic composition variation of the residual hydrothermal solution; ③the moving direction of gold fluids can be indicated by the ratio of n(H2S)/n(SO2-4). It is therefore held that the variation of sulfur isotopic characteristics in the gold deposit is an objective factor in the study of the oreforming process, and that the conclusions reached can be improved in the oreprospecting practice.

he Beidagou gold deposit in Heihe City, lying in the southeastern part of the Da Hinggan Ling Yanshanian metallogenic belt, is a quartz vein type gold deposit discovered by geochemical survey in the periphery of the Sandaowanzi gold deposit. Through a comparison of geochemical characteristics with the Sandaowanzi gold deposit, this area was chosen as a prospecting target to conduct soil geochemical survey. Quite a few Au, Ag, As, Sb, Cu, Zn and Mo anomalies were delineated, with Au, Ag, As, Sb and Mo anomalies being dominant. The anomaly concentration centers of various elements are quite consistent with each other. Anomaly inspection led to the discovery of the Beidagou gold deposit, which shows that the target selection was fairly successful, and the geochemical survey is effective in the oreprospecting work of this area.

Since a year ago， the international rice price has been rising continuously. As one of the important materials of chemical fertilizers and pesticides，the phosphorite price has also been going up. Therefore, the prospecting for phosphorite seems to be very important and urgent. The Chaoyang phosphorite deposit is the largest phosphorite deposit in East China. Starting with the 1∶200000 geochemical anomalies from the drainage sediment survey, this paper analyzes and evaluates synthetically the oreprospecting value of the geochemical anomalies in the periphery of the Chaoyang phosphorite deposit in Jiangxi Province and, on such a basis, points out that the potential is very large. The phosphate prospecting targets in Wuchun and Wudu are optimized in the hope that the work is helpful to the prospecting for phosphorite resources in the peripheral areas.

The utilization of new regional geochemical exploration methods in the forest-swamp area has widened the application range of regional geochemical data and enabled these data to be used in basic geological survey. As stream sediments in the forest-covered area have a high content of organic matter, this study chose the coarse fraction stream sediments, which could easily exclude the impact of organic matter. Exemplied by the steam sediment survey in the Da Hinggan Mountains as an example, the authors made a comparative study of two sizes of fractions, i.e., -10～60 meshes and -10～40 meshes, and compared the surveying results by Geochemical Anomaly Map and Variance Analysis. The research results show that there is no essential difference between the two sizes of fractions. 

Stream sediments constitute one of the main surface media. The compositions of organic carbon, fulvic acid, humic acid and humin in stream sediments were analyzed, and the distribution characteristics of Cu, Pb, Zn, Ag, Sb, Mn, Mo, Ni, As and Hg in fulvic acid and humic acid were investigated. The results show that humin occupies two thirds of the organic matter, which is the dominant part of the organic matter, whereas fulvic acid and humic acids occupy one third of the organic matter, which exert strong geochemical effects. Geochemical activities of most elements in stream sediments are affected by fulvic acid, but Hg, Ag, Pb and Sb are affected by humic acid.

The time domain finite difference technology was adopted to implement the 3D forward computation of the groundpenetrating radar and carry out the numerical simulation of the relationship between the water content of the media and the signal of the groundpenetrating radar. A comparison between the physical model test and the numerical simulation result has proved the effectiveness of the numerical simulation.

In order to improve the automation degree of the triband AEM system, the author designed an electromagnetic compensation unit based on the fuzzy control and linear incremental control approach so as to complete the highprecision, high stability, and large dynamic range Em compensation. With the real and imaginary components of the electromagnetic field output by the airborne electromagnetic receiver as the control input parameters, the compensation current in the compensation coil as the control object, the 80C52 monolithic processor as the control chip, the author adopted FFSI inference program to implement the fuzzy control of the compensation quantity, so as to realize the real time program control of the linear field and the voxtex field. The experimental data show that the control system can quickly achieve the realtime compensation with high stability and noise level.

The application of the dual frequency induced polarization method was carried out in Tibet, and the dual frequency dipole induced polarization was used to delineate four IP anomalies, detect the characteristics of the sources and the polarized objects on the basis of the induced polarization characteristics and the electricity characteristics of the rocks and minerals. From the results of this study, it is concluded that the dual frequency induced polarization method can be effectively applied in Tibet characterized by cold weather, high altitude and severely undulate landform.

The base terrace of the Qingjiang red bed basin in central Jiangxi was studied to detect stratigraphic structure and aquifer characteristics by such means as integrated application of composite profiling, induced polarization and resistivity sounding. The optimum well site and the reasonable well completion technology were chosen and, as a result, a well was drilled which could produce more than 5 000 T/d. Pumping tests show that both the quality and the quantity of the water meet the requirements. Hydrogeophysical exploration indicates that the integrated application of the electrical methods in search for water is very effective in the study area.

Concealed faults constitute a latent threat to the city, and the application of geochemical method to surveying concealed faults has already become a relatively mature means. Nevertheless, the urban environment is rather complex, and the disturbance factors are numerous, which increases the detection difficulty. The authors determined the threshold of the anomaly through the surveying work in the experimental area, and raised the anomaly reliability through a series of quality guarantee mechanisms. The effective anomalous spots reach 82% in the geochemical survey, and there exists fairly high consistency between the inferred faults and the broken points detected by shallow seismic prospecting.

 The utilization of waveform to create seismic facies is to use the neural network technique to quantitatively describe the general variation of seismic signal or, more simply, to arrange the waveform into categories. The authors used the technique to carry out recognition and classification of various waveform features of seismic traces so as to reflect geological features of the study area. The map illustrating the seismic facies of the area was also drawn. According to available data from the area, the littoral deposition system was identified, in which each lithologic feature, sedimentary structure and vertical sequence were analyzed in detail. Furthermore, the seismic facies was transferred into the sedimentary facies according to the real conditions of the area. The planar distribution of the sedimentary facies of Devonian is described based on a comprehensive interpretation of Tahe area.

The authors designed the observation system in favor of the reflection wave imaging in Yongxin area, applied the least square conjugate gradient method to tomographic inversion, and obtained the velocity of the crosswell reflective wave imaging. The VSPCDP imaging and Kirchhoof migration method were employed to get the fine profile of the upgoing wave. The crosswell profile reflects abundant layer information, and the result has solved the problem of the oil and water connection.

Multiobjective geochemical researches of the Chongqing economic zone along the Yangtze River show that the Yangtze River channel is a fertile soil and a "gold river channel" with the enrichment of metaalkaline plant nutritive elements and the development of famous and highquality special local products. Nevertheless, the water system of this river section has high content of pollution elements (especially Cd). In ancient time, the river water in this section was once flowing backwards. In the Three Gorges and Zhenxi area of Fuling, there exist ancient dams, and in north of Wanzhou, ancient river channels are well developed.

According to suggestions made by agricultural experts, the authors defined the nutritional grades of trace elements, converted the element contents of stream sediments into soil element contents, and defined the nutritional level standard of trace elements. A comparative study was made concerning the nutritional conditions of eight cities in JinhuaQuzhou Basin, and the results show that, except for Mo which has relatively low contrast ratio, the contrast ratios of other six elements are all higher than 75%.

Particle Swarm Optimization is a new efficient and parallel optimization algorithm. Because of its intelligence，simpleness and easy operation，this means has aroused much attention among scientists. Though PSO has been applied to many fields, its application in geophysical inversion is very insufficient. The joint inversion of surface and borehole magnetic data is a new geophysical inversion which combines the advantages of surface and borehole magnetic data. This paper created a vertical cube model and utilized PSO to the theoretical model test and the joint inversion of surface and borehole magnetic data in the Daye exhausted mine, and the result shows the feasibility of PSO in geophysical inversion and the superiority of the joint inversion of surface and borehole data.

 Data acquired in December 2004 by GeoChirpⅡsubbottom profiler in the South Channel of the Changjiang Estuary displays maximum amplitude round the seafloor and small signalnoise ratio of the acoustic record. In terms of the features of acoustic record reflected by the seafloor, the sampling area including the seabed is determined in the figure of the profile. Then the method of amplitude is adopted to implement the recognition of the seabed reflection signal and the automatic pickup of seabed topography. Finally, the seafloor picked up is smoothed. The method mentioned above was used to process the data acquired from the South Channel of the Changjiang Estuary. Compared with the original seabed topography, the seafloor picked up automatically demonstrates the rhythm of undulate seafloor, indicating that this method is effective in the recognition of the seabed reflection signal and the automatic pickup of seabed topography.

This paper introduces a novel procedure for computing source waveforms, in which the direct derivation is not necessary, and the explicit expressions for these polynomials are also not required. The computation is performed recurrently via the product of a Hermite polynomial and the Gaussian. Numerical tests reveal that the computed wavelets can model source pulse more precisely.

The theoretical model study of the Tiltdepth method shows that this method is effective in judging the buried depth of

the geological body, and also has superiority in determining the buried depth of the deepseated field source. The determination of

the buried depth of the deepseated field source is hence extended to the determination of the buried depth of the basement with

the purpose of providing theoretical guarantee for practical data processing. The application of the Tiltdepth method to practice

revealed that the existence of the highfrequency component had some influence on the judgment of the basement depth. The upward

continuation with the iterative method was therefore used to eliminate the highfrequency component, with ideal result attained.

The achievements obtained in this study have brought easiness and rapidness to aeromagnetic data processing.

This paper has offered two kinds of MapGIS applications to geophysical exploration based on advantages of GIS attributes

in MapGIS, and developed assistant modules. One is the transformation of such printed maps as profile map and chorogram into the

discrete digital data, and the other is the direct drawing of the profile map in the MapGIS with the discrete digital magnetic data.

Both means display the application and development potential of the MapGIS in geophysical exploration.

This paper has dealt with the fundamental algorithm of the color planprofile and, by using the VB Advanced Programming

Language, compiled a program of autoplot, which can output the Data Format Files of the MapGIS system and convert the data format

files to graphics files, thus realizing the automatic plotting of the color planprofile. The program has fairly complete functions

and is smart and practical.

The implied contour level and color scheme in Surfer software fail to express the subtle difference of DEM and the effect

of color solid. In addition, the artificial setting of the levels and color values are timeconsuming and laborious, and the

results are sometimes not perfect. With the consideration of contour level and color scheme and on the basis of Surfer platform

automation technology, this paper presents a program that can automatically generate a level file with different intervals and

different colors, thus resulting in satisfactory effect and efficiency.

It's known to all that the GPR can be used to detect the road surface vacancy. Nevertheless, the detection of the exact

height of the road surface vacancy remains an unsolved problem. With the financial support by the Guangdong Geological Funds, the

authors established the models for the road surface vacancy in accordance with the road structure and made tests. It is concluded

that there exist positive correction between the amplitude of the GPR reflection and the height of the road surface vacancy. The

formula for determining the height of the road surface vacancy by the Ground Penetrating Radar was thus established. This means is

very practical because with the formula the detection of the road surface vacancy by the Ground Penetrating Radar becomes very fast

and the precision can be ensured.

 Loess ground has obvious collapsible characteristic. Three methods, namely DDCpile, compaction pile and dynamic

consolidation, were adopted in this test. The Rayleigh dispersion curves of three methods were tested before and after the

treatment, the Rayleigh velocities were compared, the shear wave velocity was inversed, and then the wave velocity variation of the

loess ground was obtained. The results indicate that all the elastic wave velocities are increased, the increasing amplitude of the

three methods are in order of DDCpile, compaction pile and dynamic consolidation. The transient Rayleigh wave method was applied

to nondestructive test so as to get to know the result of large area ground treatment.

 Basic principles and techniques for the shallow seismic refraction wave method and the highdensity resistivity method

are described in this paper in combination with engineering practice to explain the results of the refraction wave method and the

high-density resistivity method in railroad and highway tunnel exploration. The application effects of the combination of these two

methods in detecting positions, sizes, natures and characteristics of such harmful geological bodies as concealed faults and shatter

zones are also discussed. Some measures for improving the investigation accuracy of these two methods are put forward.