The key problem in the highprecision borehole threecomponent magnetic measurement has been

successfully solved by the authors, and the coordinate system conversion error is 820 nT, with the

accuracy 2030 times higher than the accuracies of the existing products. Accordingly, the borehole three

component magnetic measurement can also be used to find such weakly magnetic deposits as nonferrous

metals, precious metals and rare metals, which have intergrowth relationship with magnetic pyrite minerals

and magnetic minerals. This technique is likely to become an effective tool for deep exploration in the

mine. Only through a detailed investigation of the deep part and the two wings can the scientific

evaluation and decisionmaking for mine resources be made so as to find a way out of the critical mine.

This system can be applied to highprecision inclination logging and also be employed to exact measurement

and control of spatial posture of all movement systems.

Researches on the distribution of U, Th and K in the crust yielded the ion migration law, the ion

metallogenic hypothesis and the five laws for geological survey and appraisal of ore resources. Preliminary

inspection in two study areas of South China has proved their correctness. There exist U, Th, K

characteristic distribution zones in these two areas, and the known important uranium and non-uranium

deposit, the predicted uraniumrich target districts as well as the polymetallic prospect districts all

lie within the characteristic distribution zones. They regionally form resources networks and linearly form

resources ropes. The known important uranium and nonuranium deposits, the predicted uraniumrich target

districts as well as the polymetallic prospect districts are all controlled by structures and contact zones

and occur in old strata. The oreprospecting potential of the airborne gamma energy spectrum technique

lies in the consistency between the airborne gamma energy spectrum anomalies and the formation mechanisms

of important deposits of various ore species. The U, Th, K characteristic distribution zones disclosed

during the airborne gamma energy spectrum survey provide basic facts for the study of ion movement stress

zones.

There are widelydistributed sedimentary rocks in Guizhou, especially in central Guizhou. In

western Guizhou, large areas of Permian basalts are exposed at surface together with sporadic diabase, and

in the southeastern part of eastern Guizhou, extensivelyexposed metamorphic rocks are seen with sporadic

basicultrabasic rocks in between. Gigantic Xuefengian granite batholiths occur from the GuizhouGuangxi

border area to Guangxi. There locally exist granites of Wuling period in northeastern Guizhou, forming a

mysterious distribution map of strata and intrusive bodies on the YunnanGuizhou plateau. Large amounts of

Al, P, Au, PbZn, Hg and coal deposits have already been discovered, forming one of the important ore

prospect areas in Southwest China. Nevertheless, intermediateacid intrusive bodies related to mesothermal

epithermal ore resources are hardly seen at surface in Guizhou Province, with only very few bodies

exposed in Fanjingshan (Wulingyuan) area.

Thinlayered granite residual weathering crusts covered by high mountain sparse bush and meadow

in the subnival lake area belong to the aluminosiliceous weakly acid-acid leaching type, with the

leaching of Na2O, CaO K2O, SiO2 in different degrees. Most weathered parent rocks have relatively high

trace elements such as B, Bi, Zn, Nb, La, Be, Sr, F and Ag.  Al2O3 is basically stable, and TFe, MgO, TiO2,

P2O5 and TMn have been somewhat accumulated. There are also high contents of Sn, Mo and Zr and low contents

of Hg, Cu, Ni, Co and Li in parent rocks.

Pb, Zn geochemical anomalies were delineated on the basis of 1∶50 000 stream sediment survey.

Nevertheless, from the distribution characteristics of the anomalies and field sampling conditions, the

authors found that some of the anomalies lie over Pb, Zn smelting ruins produced by local smelting, thus

being false anomalies. These false anomalies cause some difficulty in further geochemical anomaly

inspection. Based on anomaly characteristics as well as geological and remote sensing data, the authors

have distinguished false anomalies from real ones, thus providing a theoretical basis for further

exploration arrangement.

This paper has described the effectiveness of gamma spectral survey in prospecting for uranium

deposits within the basin of Hongshan area. Gamma spectral survey data were processed to enhance and

extract faint information of uranium deposits. The anomaly features of gamma spectral survey are high and

exhibit uranium migrationenrichment centers above shallow uranium deposits and gradient zones from high

anomaly to low anomaly above deep uranium deposits. It is therefore concluded that this method is effective

in the prognosis of uranium mineralization in the basin.

he MonkuKeketale iron ore belt in Altay area of Xijiang is a very promising orebearing belt.

The C7 aerial magnetic anomaly is a typical magnetic anomaly found with the help of highprecision aerial

magnetic prospecting. A good oresearch effect was achieved in this anomalous area as a result of ground

highprecision magnetic survey. In this paper, anomalous areas and iron ore belts are predicted on the

basis of a detailed discussion on geology, geophysics and magnetism. It is suggested that the area may be

of great prospecting potential for iron deposits.

 The effectiveness of the soil absorbed hydrocarbon method over ore bodies of the Lawu

polymetallic deposit in Dangxiong, Tibet was experimentally studied by previous workers, and the result

shows that the anomalies of adsorbed hydrocarbon are quite clear over ore bodies, and hence the method is

effective. On such a basis, the method was employed by the authors in exploration work. In the Lawu ore

district, three clear anomalies of hydrocarbon and three corresponding favorable oreprospecting targets

were delineated. A copper vein some 6m thick was later found in No. 1 target. All this proves the

adaptability and practicability of this method.

The oreforming process is characterized by complexity and diversity, and the difficulty lies in the understanding of evolutional characteristics of geochemical elements. The metallogenic process can be inferred and the useful microscopic information can be obtained for further exploration. In this paper, the cluster analysis and factor analysis of No.13 ore body in Mangjiazhai SnZn polymetallic ore block of the Dulong ore district have revealed that the metallogenic process was very complex and superimposed by repeated mineralization. It is considered that the enrichment of Sn, Zn resulted from the superimposition of subsequent geological activities, and that In, Cd seem to be main indicator elements in search for Sn, Zn in the mine.

Abstract：The new techniques of geochemical exploration and Microbial Prospecting of Oil and Gas (MPOG) were applied to Hongte area of Inner Mongolia. Geochemical studies revealed two comprehensive geochemical anomalous zones, i.e., the southwestern geochemical anomalous zone and the northeastern geochemical anomalous zone. In addition, with the MPOG technology, three anomalous zones, i.e. the northeastern microbial anomalous zone, the centralsouthern microbial anomalous zone and the southwestern microbial anomalous zone, were evidently recognized. The results obtained by geochemical exploration and MPOG are not only consistent with the oil information of the drilling data in the study area but also in accord with the subsequent drilling data. In Hongte area, the results of geochemical exploration and MPOG are complementary. In the exploration of oil and gas, therefore, it may be more efficient by combining the two techniques, which will greatly increase the success rate of oil and gas exploration.

 The Donggou gold deposit lies in the eastern part of the GuanzizhenLiziyuan structural belt within West Qinling Mountains. Ore bodies are hosted in SinianOrdovician metamorphosed volcanic rocks and sedimentary rocks and controlled strictly by regional ductile shear zone, with the secondorder fault being the main orehosting structure. Based on an analysis of the geochemical characteristics, gold oreforming conditions and oreprospecting criteria of the ore district, the author found Donggou and Erhuanggou gold ore spots and several gold mineralized spots within the limits of the anomalies, revealing good oreprospecting vista. The element association of the ore comprises mainly Au and Ag, and Ag, Cu, Sb, Hg and Bi can serve as indicator elements in ore exploration.

Although radon gas survey has been widely used in various fields, the method seems to be rarely employed in the prospecting for nonferrous deposits. To expand the application field of radon gas survey and to provide the prospecting for concealed nonferrous deposits with a new means, the authors made a test in the Limu Sn, Nb, Ta ore deposit of Guangxi by using the RAD7 type electronic radon measurement instrument made in the USA and, as a result, not only found distinct radon gas anomalies in soil over the Sangehuangniu and Shuiximiao Sn, Nb, Ta ore bodies that are well consistent with the concealed Sn, Nb, Ta ore bodies but also obtained good ore-prospecting results during the drilling inspection on the outskirts of the ore district. All these achievements provide an effective exploration method for the outskirt prospecting work and the expansion of ore reserves.

Using resistivity，radioactivity and density logging curve，the authors analyzed the sedimentary environment of coal seams in some coalfields of Guizhou Province. According to numerical values and shapes of logging curves，the authors hold that coal seams of the exploration area consist of a set of alternate marine and continental sediments，and the coal seams were mainly formed in a peat bog environment of the delta plain. The construction of the sedimentary mode for the coal seam exploration area can guide the exploration of coal mines and help the study of coal accumulation characteristics and the forecast of coal thickness as well as the comparison of coal seams.

The search for concealed hydrocarbon reservoirs in the slope belt of gentle structure seems to be the key to oil and gas exploration in recent years. Due to high concealment, it is very difficult to detect and appraise these reservoirs. Exemplified by the exploration of the concealed hydrocarbon reservoir in Gubei area of the Shengli Oilfield and probing into the key thoughts and the effective methods for detecting the formation conditions and the recognition technology, the authors eventually achieved good effects in the actual application. The research result can play a leading role in the exploration work of similar areas.

In this paper, the authors carried out forward modeling on dispersion curves and vertical displacements of Rayleigh waves by means of the transfer matrix method in multilayered media. Their dispersion characteristics were thus detected and could be used in future practice. First, some groups of the fourlayered or fivelayered media were defined, and then their dispersion curves, their vertical displacements at free surface and the incorporative dispersion curve were calculated. In the end, the dispersion characteristics of different models, i.e., the models that contain an absolute/relative lowvelocity layer and the normal models, could be detected. According to the analytical results, the incorporative dispersion curve usually has the zigzag phenomenon for models that contain an absolute or relative lowvelocity layer. Nevertheless, their displacement characteristics are different. When a model contains an absolute lowvelocity layer, its maximal displacement curve consists of different modes. However, the maximal displacement curve of a model containing a relative lowvelocity layer is composed mainly of the first mode. For the normal model, its maximal displacement curve resembles the relative lowvelocity model, but its incorporative dispersion curve sometimes has the zigzag phenomenon, which is related to the parameters of models.

The finitedifference compensation was applied to the wide angel correction of the elastic screen propagator, and the vector imaging condition was employed through projecting components in the direction of polarization. The information from the elastic wave field could be used efficiently, and the problem of inconsistent polarization of PSV in imaging was solved. Partial images from different sources could be stacked to generate a final image. The elastic screen propagator with wide angel correction and the vector imaging condition were tested with the model data, which proved the reliability of this method.

 Based on an analysis of the mining history, current situation and the formation environment of a metallic ore district, the authors established the unusual response model for the minedout area. Using vague principles of the minedout area, the authors investigated 10 indexes and two indices, and made fuzzy assignment and computation. The utilization of high density electric anomalies to the detection of the location of the mined-out area is discussed in detail.

Urban dust constitutes an important problem in urban environmental science.A review is given in this paper on the advances in the study of urban dust in various aspects both in China and abroad, such as physicochemical characteristics,spatialtemporal distribution,source,migration and transformation,bioeffect and environmental quality assessment.The future development prospects are also pointed out.It is an urgent task to study the source of urban dust at different spatial scales,the mechanism of migration and transformation and the environmental quality assessment.

In order to study the relationship between soil environment of elements and malignant tumors in both high incidence area and low incidence area of gastric cancer in Fujian Province, the author chose Chengle City, a high incidence area of gastric cancer and Fu'an City, a low incidence area of gastric cancer (the incidence of the former being about 10 times as high as the latter) as the study sites. Soil sampling and determination and contrast research were conducted.The results show that low Cu, Mo, Se and Zn contents in soil constitute one of the dangerous factors responsible for gastric cancer.

 As the shortage of energy resources has become more and more serious, the energysaving buildings are increasingly popularized, and the energysaving buildings with the technology of the exterior heat preservation wall (heat insulation layer + protection layer), in particular, are being commonly recommended. Nevertheless, the examination and acceptance of the construction quality of the completed exterior hear preservation walls are  conducted now only by eye observation, localized tube bundle extraction or tensile test. It is therefore of great importance to find a feasible rapid test method for this aspect of work. The utilization of new infrared thermal image detection technology for testing the exterior heat preservation wall has been proved to be very effective.

Using the multifractal method, the authors studied 12 trace elements and, according to  curve shapes, recognized two kinds of multifractal patterns. PatternⅠis a simple multifractal pattern with two nonscale areas, and the second tangential line fits well with the curve, with Hg, Mn, Sb, Mo, As, Zn having this pattern. These elements seem to be nonmineralization elements or oreassociated elements. PatternⅡis a highclustering multifractal pattern, and the fitting extent between the second tangential line and the curve is bad, showing obvious deviation. Some elements present rather obvious deviation, reflecting the superimposition of highcontent element points on Pattern I. Sn, Cu, Pb, Ag, W, Bi mainly show this pattern, and these elements all have extremely large local anomalies in this area, in which the main oreforming elements Sn, Cu, Pb, Ag  formed ore deposits of various grades.

 Gangdong 1 area in the Dagang Oilfield is a mature oilfield with high water cut, so seismic inversion is the basic task for the deep development of the oilfield. The preprocessing of welllogging data by appropriate technique, therefore, is the key to seismic inversion. Environmental correction was carried out for the mass welllogging data in areas of interest. The welllogging data from different test periods and test equipments were normalized by using the VSP velocity trend as the lowfrequency velocity trend for the acoustic log. Based on the results, the authors studied the acoustic log curves rebuilt through natural potential logs and deep investigation resistivity logs. In order to emphasize the lithologic variation, the authors also probed into the pseudoacoustic log rebuilt with deep investigation resistivity logs, thus providing reliable welllogging data for seismic inversion that can predict formation distribution accurately.

 In MT inversion, we all hope to get rapid and stable results with relatively clear geological interfaces suffering no distortion. In this paper, a fast and stable method of 2D MT inversion has been developed by integrating the smoothest inversion for regional field and focusing inversion for local anomaly. This method uses wavelet to decompose 2D MT data into different frequency components and reconstruct them into the approximate component (regional field) and details (local anomaly). The experimental results show that the method is effective. The authors applied it to the field data and yielded expected effect.

 With powerful Matlab image processing functions, this paper has realized the 3D display of ground penetrating radar data, whose procedures are simple to prepare and easy to learn. A detailed description of the code is given, and the three-dimensional test data show that, by setting transparency, the target can be displayed in an intuitive and visual way.

The underground disastrous hidden cracks constitute a deformation hazard. Based on a case study, the author summed up the basic characteristics of underground cracks in radar images and, on such a basis, analyzed the detection mechanism and GPR images of such structural cracks as the uneven settlement cracks and the medium dislocation cracks in ground floor,  the landslidetrending cracks and the collapse cracks.

The Capacitance Coupled Resistivity (CCR) Method is characterized by no need of electrode grounding, rapid survey, and dense survey data, which are similar to things of the direct current tomography method. The method was applied to detecting subsurface hidden dangers in a city road of Hebei Province and in a railway channel of Hunan Province. In these two projects the method behaved satisfactorily, and the results show that the method is a good means in the field of detecting subsurface hidden dangers in roads or in railways.

 By introducing CT technique to the existing bridge appraisal, this paper provides an effective means for the appraisal of bridge comprehensive quality which includes strength, compactness, degree of homogeneity and defects. This method makes up the deficiency of currentlyused techniques in bridge appraisal, provides an objective basis for the reinforcement method of old bridge and saves the cost of processing.

 Exemplified by the successful detection of underground PVC pipes with antenna array, this paper deals with the principle, the means and the effectiveness of this technique. By utilization of antenna array, four radar maps were drawn with a theoretical scanning, and the detection of two frequencies and four angles were achieved for the targets of the same depth. As a result, the detection accuracy has been improved greatly.