The first edition of The Magnetic Anomaly Map of the World, formerly named World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map (WDMAM), was made public at the 24th IUGG General Assembly in July, 2007. The compilation of the map was conducted jointly by IAGA and CGMW with the support of UNESCO, and the map was published by the UNESCO and the CGMW. The crustal magnetic field anomaly data were obtained from airborne survey, shipborne survey and satellite acquisition all over the world in a period of more than 50 years. The data merged into a composite 5 km×5 km grid and a nominal height above geoid of 5 km. The publication of the WDMAM will give an impetus to researches on the geological structure of the crust and the uppermost lithosphere, and is conducive to resource exploration. The second edition of the WDMAM is now under compilation.

The first edition of The Magnetic Anomaly Map of the World, formerly named World Digital Magnetic Anomaly Map (WDMAM), was made public at the 24th IUGG General Assembly in July, 2007. The compilation of the map was conducted jointly by IAGA and CGMW with the support of UNESCO, and the map was published by the UNESCO and the CGMW. The crustal magnetic field anomaly data were obtained from airborne survey, shipborne survey and satellite acquisition all over the world in a period of more than 50 years. The data merged into a composite 5 km×5 km grid and a nominal height above geoid of 5 km. The publication of the WDMAM will give an impetus to researches on the geological structure of the crust and the uppermost lithosphere, and is conducive to resource exploration. The second edition of the WDMAM is now under compilation.

Based on Poisson's theorem, the authors performed a moving-window linear regression analysis between suitable derivatives of anomalous potential fields, distinguished areas with different patterns of anomaly correlation, and then inferred the crust structure. The results have yielded some new ideas concerning the crust structure on the basis of correspondence analysis performed along the geosciences transect of Xiangshan area.

Based on Poisson's theorem, the authors performed a moving-window linear regression analysis between suitable derivatives of anomalous potential fields, distinguished areas with different patterns of anomaly correlation, and then inferred the crust structure. The results have yielded some new ideas concerning the crust structure on the basis of correspondence analysis performed along the geosciences transect of Xiangshan area.

Based on geological and geochemical characteristics, this paper has summed up the integrated ore-prospecting criteria and pointed out the orientation of further prospecting work. Studies show that ore components of the ore deposit are rather simple, the anomaly elements consist mainly of Mo, Bi, Ag and subordinately of W, Sn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and only Mo can form fairly large anomalies. The horizontal zoning of the elements is (Mo-Bi-Ag)-(W-Sn)-(Pb-Zn-Cu),and the vertical zoning is (Mo-Ag-Pb-Zn)-Cu-(Bi-W-Sn). The formula w(Mo)/ ≥65,≥25 can be used to predict the existence or nonexistence of blind ore bodies at depth.

Based on geological and geochemical characteristics, this paper has summed up the integrated oreprospecting criteria and pointed out the orientation of further prospecting work. Studies show that ore components of the ore deposit are rather simple, the anomaly elements consist mainly of Mo, Bi, Ag and subordinately of W, Sn, Zn, Cu, Pb, and only Mo can form fairly large anomalies. The horizontal zoning of the elements is （Mo-Bi-Ag）-（W-Sn）-（Pb-Zn-Cu），and the vertical zoning is （Mo-Ag-Pb-Zn）-Cu（Bi-W-Sn）. The formulaw(Mo)/［w(Bi)×100］≥65，［w（Pb）×w（Zn）/w（W）×w（Sn）］≥25can be used to predict the existence or nonexistence of blind ore bodies at depth.

Zoned anomalies dominated by Au and Pb are distributed along the regional Qiliping-Xingxingyin ore-bearing fault belt within the Xiong'ershan gold ore field. Geochemical survey for resource potential evaluation was performed in the Xiqinggangping ore district within the central part of this fault belt so as to find out the basic soil geochemical characteristics of this area. Based on integrated anomaly analysis, metallogenic factor analysis and division of ore prognostic areas, the authors hold that the advantageous ore species are Au, Pb and Zn, which possess favorable ore-bearing environments and hence have ore-prospecting potential.

Zoned anomalies dominated by Au and Pb are distributed along the regional QilipingXingxingyin ore-bearing fault belt within the Xiong'ershan gold ore field. Geochemical survey for resource potential evaluation was performed in the Xiqinggangping ore district within the central part of this fault belt so as to find out the basic soil geochemical characteristics of this area. Based on integrated anomaly analysis, metallogenic factor analysis and division of ore prognostic areas, the authors hold that the advantageous ore species are Au, Pb and Zn, which possess favorable ore-bearing environments and hence have ore-prospecting potential.

Valence-varying elements are extensively existent in nature. Elements of different valence states have different geochemical behaviors, which reflect different redox environments. In the ore-forming process, these elements can form their respective characteristic element associations and mineral assemblages. Using E_h-pH graph and geochemical characteristics of some valence-varying elements with different valence states, the authors analyzed mineral stability and coexistence and migration capacity of elements with different valence states so as to extract ore-prospecting information and thus improve the quality of evaluation of ore-prospecting work.

Geochemical exploration for oil and gas is based on the vertical micro-migration theory of hydrocarbons. Based on a comprehensive discussion of the indexes of oil and gas geochemical exploration, the authors hold that hydrocarbon, pyrolysis-Hg and methane isotope in the soil are effective indexes for oil and gas geochemical exploration. The model of anomaly is also discussed. According to the surface geochemical anomaly characteristics and combined modeling, the property and preservation situation of a deep oil and gas pool can be judged, which provides a dependable geochemical basis for oil and gas exploration.

The Zhaishang gold deposit is a superlarge gold deposit in West Qinling Mountains, which is mainly hosted in Devonian and Permian strata and occurs in NWW-trending as well as second-order faults. It contains rich metallic sulfides. In the western part of the ore district, there exists rather thick Tertiary and Quaternary overburden. An integrated analysis of the geological data available shows that metallogenic conditions are fairly favorable beneath the overburden area. Through geophysical and geochemical prospecting work, the authors inferred that there might exist a gold ore body under the overburden area, and shallow drilling has eventually intersected the ore body.

Based on a description of characteristics of gold anomaly, geological background and geochemical landscape in the gold anomaly area as well as methods for verifying Shangba weak and gentle gold anomaly, the authors have reached the conclusion that such micro-landscapes as thick Quaternary sediments and well-developed surface runoff seem to be the primary causes for regional weak and gentle gold geochemical anomalies in stream sediments. The effective way to realize a breakthrough in the exploration of gold deposits is to follow the routine working procedure. The effective methods lie in increasing sampling density of stream sediments in geochemical semi-detailed survey, increasing the sampling depth of soil to over 50 cm in geochemical detailed survey, and also increasing the digging depth of exploratory trenches.

There is a concealed red basin in northwestern Jiangxi, which is overlain by Quaternary sediments 30～50 m in thickness and underlain by Tertiary red sandstone. The water-prospecting work is very difficult in that area. Using soil absorbed mercury measurement and direct current IP method, the author analyzed and summed up the mode of occurrence of underground water in that area, detected water-prospecting orientation and optimized favorable ore-searching sectors, which yielded excellent result. Now this area has become a medium-size underground water source, with daily water production of over 30 000 tons. It is thus concluded that the combination of geophysical and geochemical methods is an effective means in search for underground water. Such a means is characterized by cheapness, rapidness, easy operation and high penetrating capacity in thick overburden areas, thus having extensive application vista.

The concentrations of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon (PAHs) compounds in soil,water and plant samples collected from the urban area of Xuzhou in Jiangsu Province were quantitatively measured, and geochemical characteristics of these compounds in the urban environment of Xuzhou were studied. The results show that PAHs are widely distributed in soil, rivers, underground water and plants of Xuzhou and especially concentrated in the surrounding area of the Xuzhou steel factory. It is considered that the environmental organic pollutants caused by industry activities in Xuzhou urban area cannot be ignored.

Upper Cretaceous Nenjiang Formation not only is an important oil formation in south Songliao Basin, but also plays an important role in the formation of the sandstone type uranium deposit. This paper made orientation for spatial distribution characteristics of regional Nenjiang Formation through the measurement of the depth in ZK4 and a geoelectric structural contrast analysis. The results have proved the validity of the application of this method and attained the expected purpose.

Geochemical techniques were used to detect concealed faults in northern Hainan area, with some definite geological effects obtained. The advantages of this method were brought into full play. These techniques have provided the scientific foundation for earthquake prevention and disaster reduction, city planning, integrated land use and city land adjustment in this area.

Studies of sedimentary characteristics and genesis of the Miocene sediments in mid-Pacific Ocean have been very insufficient. Based on chemical analyses of samples collected from cores and surface sediments, this paper deals systematically with the spatial distribution of the elements and their variations since mid-Miocene. In order to reveal the associations of the elements, R-mode factor analysis for the main elements and trace elements in all samples by using softwares of Golden Grapher and SPSS.The sedimentary provenience and its environment have been discussed and the sedimentary model of Miocene sediments has been set up for the study area in mid-Pacific Ocean.

This paper deals with the standing wave resulting from the interference of the reflection electromagnetic wave when the electromagnetic wave is transmitted and perpendicular to the strata. The conditions of antinode and node formed on the ground are also discussed. According to the equation deduced by the author, the thickness of the strata and the relative sizes of the electromagnetic parameters in the media on the two sides of the bottom interface of the strata can be determined by measuring the frequency of the antinode. It is also pointed out that at least four natural electromagnetic wave sources can be used in geophysical exploration based on the electromagnetic standing wave method.

The all-time apparent resistivity iteration inverse method was deduced in detail based on the current slanting wave of the TEM central loops unit. In the forward process, the turn-off time integral was represented analytically. The resistivity derivation could be transformed to the time derivation through the variable transformation in the inverse process. The calculation precision and speed were promoted by avoiding the numerical integral and differential calculation used in approximating the derivation. The standard database method was used to decrease the calculation time of probability integral in the inverse process of iteration as well as to improve the precision and speed. Then the survey data were processed and some problems were discussed on the basis of a few calculation examples.

The support vector machine proposed by Vapnik is a newly-developed technique for data processing. It is suitable for the data processing based on a finite number of training samples,with special technique for restricting overfitting. In this paper,the support vector classification technique was used to make modeling on the relationships between the acoustic time, SP, deep induction resistivity, medium induction resistivity, density and water flood grade,with these parameters serving as input of the training samples and the character of the oil and gas as the output. This technique was used in the P oilfield, which shows that SVM can yield efficient modeling results.

Based on a study of deep volcanic gas-bearing reservoirs in Dongling area of Songliao Basin, this paper deals with the relationship between lithologic character and logging responses. ΔlgR and oil and gas recognition indexes were used to identify oil and gas, and a solidity model was set up to evaluate gas-bearing reservoirs. Porosity, saturation and other parameters were obtained, and the result was satisfactory.

This paper deals with the basic principle of the radon measuring method for detecting goaf. The authors measured the γ radial intensity of radon daughter in the adsorber so as to understand the scale of radon thickness and hence get to know the position of the coal mine goaf. On the basis of geophysical characteristics of goaf and by using the transient electromagnetic method and analyzing the apparent resistivity section, the authors accurately located the goaf. Exemplified by detecting the goaf of the Dongqu mine affiliated to the Xishan Mine Electricity Group Corporation of Shanxi Province, this paper holds that the radon measurement and transient electromagnetic methods can be used to explore the coal mine goaf.

Electrical tomography was used in the Jinchang ore district to detect the variation of the mineralized body at depth and infer the size and attitude of this body. Mineral exploration engineering was directly conducted, which provided the grounds in search for concealed ore bodies and accumulated some ore-prospecting experience.

Some practical technologies for fine 3D seismic acquisition, such as the optimization of geometry for target layer and the choice of source parameter and geophone array, were studied in detail in this paper by means of theoretical analysis, field test and seismic acquisition on the basis of analyzing available seismic data and previous seismic acquisition methods and considering special seismic and geological conditions of Liaohe basin. The successful application of these technologies has greatly improved the quality of seismic data and satisfied the requirements of geological objective for seismic data acquisition at the stage of fine seismic exploration.

Fluorescence spectrometry is an important analytical method in oil and gas geochemical exploration, and its quality is especially important for obtaining true subterranean oil information in the analysis of samples from the earth's surface. For the sake of obtaining actual underground oil and gas information, it is necessary to avoid the influencing factors and ensure the analytical quality. Based on experimental studies, this paper deals with the factors affecting the quality of fluorescence spectrometry, including material quality of the sample packet.

Geogas survey performed in the Xinchang gas field shows that there exist obvious anomalies of nano-particle metal elements over the gas field. A comparative analysis of integrated soil geochemical exploration reveals that more than twenty nano-particle metal elements such as Ba, Cd, Cu, Mo, Zn, P, V and Ni have common response over the Xinchang gas field and in soil. Characteristics of organic geochemical indices over the Xinchang gas field are basically identical with those in geogas and in soil. Under certain conditions, geogas survey is somewhat promising in the prospecting for natural gas accumulation and the delineation of gas field.

The seismic channel integration is a nonrestrictive inverse technique using seismic data, i.e., a technique for stratigraphic analysis based on the relative velocity of the strata obtained by seismic channel integration. The application of seismic channel integration to the recognition of the coal seam missing and thinning zone shows that the small-sized coal seam missing and thinning zone basically has no demonstration in the 3D seismic time profile, and that the anomaly of the relative wave impedance can be effectively recognized in the seismic channel integration time profile. Thus the coal seam missing and thinning zone can be interpreted. The interpretation result is consistent with the edit exposure, suggesting that the seismic channel integration is an effective and practical technique for seismic interpretation.

In this paper, the methods of data processing and drawing for borehole three-component magnetic measurement are discussed. The data processing formulae of tilted well for the axial system magnetometer were inferred. Based on Object-Oriented Programming (OOP) and using VB2005 as the program language, the authors successfully designed and implemented a data processing and drawing system for borehole three-component magnetic measurement. In order to test the system, this paper has described an example of borehole three-component magnetic measurement, which proves that the system can effectively process the data and accurately draw such graphs as graph and vectorgraph. As a data processing and drawing system for borehole three-component magnetic measurement, this system is perfect and has a wide application vista.

Using the VB program, the authors converted the Regional Exploring Data point information into a MapGis Point Document in plain code, and set up a database which joins the Point Document to the exploration data. Exemplified by the 1:200,000 Regional Exploration Data of Hebei Province, this paper has established a provincial regional exploration spatial database, which makes it possible to carry out such spatial analyses on MapGis as intersection analysis of geological areas, condition inquiries, and analysis of buffer areas. As a result, data inquiries can be easily made in spite of spatial restriction or geological conditions, and various geological problems related to mineral exploration can be solved.

In VSP forward modeling with the wave field extrapolation method, we can just simulate upward wave or simulate upward wave and downward wave simultaneously according to the situation, and the multiple wave can be controlled efficiently. In general, under the condition of being only concerned with the primary reflection, we needn't simulate the multiple wave. This method has high efficiency compared with other wave equation modeling methods. In this paper, the split-step Fourier method was used to extrapolate the wave field, which can guarantee the stability of wave extrapolation and the modeling accuracy for the complex model. Model test shows that this method can simulate VSP efficiently and the modeling result is correct and reliable.

In this paper, the authors summarized characteristics of high density seismic photography and gave some examples concerning the survey of shallow underground obstacles. Several problems related to the application effect and application field of seismic photography are pointed out in this paper, which deserve further studies.

This paper has dealt with the application of the ultrasonic transmission method to the test of foundation pile in the transmission line project, with some practical examples given concerning the test of foundation pile in the transmission line project. The advantages and existing problems of ultrasonic transmission are analyzed for quality evaluation, which include the critical value of acoustic velocity, the critical value of amplitude, the value of PSD and the measured wave.