Various means were applied to the Shangshanghe gold deposit, which include geology, geochemical primary halos, IP scanning, sounding and "mise-a-la-masse" method. As a result, the spatial positions, attitudes and sizes of blind orebodies were determined rather accurately, and the ore prospecting result was obvious. Making full use of information on regional geology, mineral resources and geophysical-geochemical exploration, the authors have established a comprehensive information prospecting model, which proves to be an effective means in prospecting for concealed and semi-concealed ore deposits.

Having studied the distribution and association characteristics of primary halos at three levels (0 m, -80 m and -105 m) of the Jinshan gold deposit in Jiangxi, the authors have reached some conclusions. The element associations of primary halos are complex, and the primary halos of different indicator elements coincide well with each other. As is closely related to Au. The anomalies of the front elements Hg, Sb and the rear elements Bi, Mo form superimposed halos and their average anomaly intensities are high. All this suggests that there may exist another enrichment zone in the depth. The Au mineralization becomes weaker at the -105 m level, while things are just the opposite for Cu. This implies that the magmatic hydrothermal activities obviously accumulated ore-forming materials in Early Yanshannian, and were likely to form compound deposits of Cu and Au at the depth.

According to the types of rock density and magnetism of magmatite, with separation, continuation, derivation, and false color encoding between gravity anomaly and magnetic anomaly as well as a composite process of their attributive information, the magmatite belts reflected by both gravity anomaly and magnetic anomaly can be divided into two belts and seven group sections based on their positions in the tectonic unit, the magma series characteristics, and the time-space relationship with the ore belt.

The Jinping block is located on the western margin of Yangtze craton. In this area, the magmatic liquation and pulsatory injection type copper and nickel ore deposits lie in ultramafic and mafic intrusions, which are genetically related to the Permian basalts of southwest China. These deposits share good geophysical features suitable for EM survey. The Helicopter-towed Electromagnetic Survey, as a very useful advanced exploration method for targeting mineralization, is employed in the prospecting for copper and nickel sulfide deposits and, combined with ground geological, geochemical and geophysical survey, can be expected to locate the target area quickly and accurately for follow-up work.

Southeastern Zhejiang is an important component part of the Southeast China volcanic belt. Late Jurassic volcanic rocks are widespread, and their thickness is 1～2 km and locally even reaches over 3 kilometers, suggesting that volcanic activities were very frequent in that period. There exist various mineral deposits related to volcanic hydrothermal fluids in this area, and hence the delineation of volcanic structures constitutes an important means for discovering various kinds of ore resources. With Zhilingtou area as an example, this paper indicates the role of 1:50 000 gravity survey in Ⅳ and Ⅴ grade volcanic structure delineation, probes into the relationship between volcanic structures and mineral deposits in this area, and then points out the most favorable places in the ore prospecting work of this area.

Based on the examples of controlled source audio-frequency magnetotellurics application, the paper discuses the problems of electromagnetic sounding in deep geothermal investigation.

Transient electromagnetic methods have been widely used in geophysical exploration since 1980s,and have been developed for decades in China. Based on an analysis of transient electromagnetic systems developed by experts of various countries,the authors designed a new transient electromagnetic system called ATEM-II synchronized with GPS by using the timing signal of GPS and modern electronic devices. The system can be applied to such fields as mineral exploration, engineering investigation and underground water detection. Case studies and characteristics of the system are given in this paper.

Exemplified by typical practical cases, this paper has explained the application of three-dimensional seismic exploration technology to the mining work. With the widespread application of digital seismograph and digital processing and integration technique, the utilization of 3D3C and full wave three-dimensional exploration technology will broaden the study scope of rock character parameters. The velocity ratio, propagation time ratio, amplitude ratio and Poisson's ratio between the longitudinal wave and the transverse wave can be used to study the variation of rock porosity. The splitting phenomena of the transverse wave can also be utilized to study the anisotropy of media. With these means, the exploration precision can be improved and the rock character parameters close to practical conditions of the strata can be provided. In addition, digitalization of underground information can be gradually realized so as to provide reliable geological basis for high-efficiency production in the mining shaft.

The turbidite sandbody lithologic trap developed in Dongying delta is a key exploration target in Es3 of the Shengli Oilfield. Oil reserves discovered in lithologic reservoirs are more than 10 million tons per year in recent years. Applying the theory and method of high resolution sequence stratigraphy, this paper has divided and correlated base-level circles on the basis of various delta base-level circle interfaces identified through well drilling and/or well logging as well as seismic data. The distribution of turbidite sand bodies and Dongying delta base-level circles are also discussed. All this provides scientific basis for further exploration of lithologic reservoirs.

At Qingshuiquan-Huaquanzi area in the central part of the southern edge of Altun region within Xinjiang, the anomalies of stream sediments are mostly distributed in banded form along fault zones, and basic and ultrabasic complexes are major factors responsible for the formation of large and strong anomalies. Based on an analysis of geochemical characteristics of rocks and trace elements as well as rare earth elements, this paper holds that they are products of crystallization differentiation of the same magma, that the major ore resource of this area is copper, and that gabbro-diabase is the main ore-bearing horizon. The concentrated exploration has resulted in the eventual discovery of copper resource of 150000 t.

Terrain gamma-ray absorption dose is an important parameter in estimating the ionization radiation environment level. Gamma-ray dose calculated by in-situ gamma-ray spectrometric data has been studied and used abroad since 1970s, and terrain dose mapping has been carried out in U.S.A, Sweden and Russia. In China, gamma-ray spectrometer survey was carried out in Zhuhai, Guangdong Province, from 2002 to 2003. The dose rate was calculated by Beck Expression using concentrations of ²³⁸U,²³²Th and ⁴⁰K measured by in-situ spectrometer. The results coincide with the gamma-ray dose measured by dosemeter. The measured and calculated average dose rates are (144.86±27.21) nGy/h and (136.34±26.71) nGy/h, respectively, in Zhuhai City.

This paper has discussed the airborne monitoring of radioactive contamination formed during exploitation and utilization of iron ore and coal ore, analyzed the Gamma Radiant Eminence Map of China, and determined several relatively high radioactivity level regions, thus showing the effects of airborne radioactivity survey. The harmful effects of radioactive radiation on human health are analyzed, and the necessity of large-area airborne radioactivity survey is pointed out.

With the direct access technique of a column or a block of grid data, it is possible for us to calculate the total gradient amplitude and to search automatically and trace continuously the maximum points of grid data in large quantities. In this paper, the authors put forward for the first time the idea of continuous tracing of a string of adjoining maximum points along the anomaly trend after automatic searching of a maximum point. The linking lines of the string of maximum points can show the horizontal sites of edges (or centers) of magnetic or gravity bodies and structures more directly and effectively. The practically improved software was used in inversion of model and surveying data, with fairly good results obtained.

In the comparison between geochemical indices and mineral compositions in soil media over the oil-gas reservoir, the results of correlation analysis and cluster dendritic diagram analysis show remarkable differences in different areas. The correlations between geochemical indices and mineral compositions are considerably different over oil-gas reservoirs of different exploitation stages. It is found through the analysis of soil siderite over the oil-gas reservoirs that there exist differences in the average siderate contents in the margin of the oil-gas reservoir (except for the oil field of the late exploitation stage), within the oil-gas reservoir and outsite the oil-gas reservoir, and that soil siderate and heat-release hydrocarbon show different characteristics over the oil-gas reservoir and on the outskirts of the oil-gas reservoir.

In this paper, the detectability of the transient electromagnetic (TEM) method to multiple anomalous bodies with different locations and buried depths in the stratum was detailed discussed. The results of these models illustrate that the detectability of TEM to those bodies buried shallower is quite good no matter whatever their distance from the source, which also gives a further theoretical basis to the idea that TEM method can be used in the shallow target exploration. The detectability is the poorest when the multiple thin bodies are arranged vertically. When those anomalous bodies which have different locations and depths are horizontally arranged along the measurement line, those bodies with shallower depths and the one which is nearest to the source can be most easily detected by TEM method, while the bodies between them are always neglected if their sizes are too small or depth are too large. In general, the detectability of TEM to multiple bodies is much better to those arranged horizontally than those arranged vertically.

This paper describes in brief the Rhoplus theory in magnetotelluric method. With practical examples, the paper deals in detail with the application of the Rhoplus theory in such aspects as the examination of the consistency between the apparent resistivity and the phase data, the estimation of apparent resistivity and phase value as well as their upper and lower limits at any frequency point, the reasonable piecing of the data collected by different instrument systems, the discovery or correction of curve distortion caused by instrument or software processing, and the understanding of the degree of curve distortion caused by interfering noise.

According to the theory of Pseudo-Random Multi-Frequency Induced Polarization method and the technological requirements for the observation system, the authors have designed an intelligent controlling project used in WDD Pseudo-Random Multi-Function Electrical Transmitter. In this project, MCS-51 is used as the main control unit that can produce several kinds of current and IGBT is employed as the high power output unit which can generate maximum voltage 800 v, maximum current 40 A, and maximum power 6 kW. Having used in geological research work in Gansu, Shanxi and Yunnan provinces, the transmitter proves to be stable, secure and reliable.

The prestack depth migration is an ideal technique for improving seismic imaging of complex areas and drastic horizontal velocity changes. The basic theory and technical characteristics of four fundamental prestack-depth-imaging methods are described in this paper. The problems and the newest advances both in China and abroad are also discussed. It is hoped that this study can help us find the key problems and seek suitable imaging techniques for areas of complex geological conditions.

Quartz is an important gangue mineral and a main carrier of gold in the Chiweigou deposit. By means of electrical conductivity and infrared spectra of quartz, it is known that the electrical conductivity and the D（CO₂） of IR are in positive correlation with the Au content of quartz. Where electrical conductivity is higher than 35.7 μS and D（CO₂） higher than 0.2, gold mineralization is relatively good. Through the study, the authors have obtained some useful prospecting information, which is of guiding significance in the prospecting and evaluating of gold deposits in this area.

Two linear seismic arrays are deployed across the surface rupture of 1920 M 8.6 earthquake along Haiyuan fault zone near Xianzhou, Haiyuan County, Ningxia, to receive fault zone trapped waves generated by near-surface explosions within the fault zone between the two lines. Each array consists of 14 three-component portable digital seismic stations, with the interval between two stations being 30～40 m near the fault zone and 230～250 m away from the fault zone. After filtering in a frequency range of 0.1～4.0 Hz, vertical component seismograms on Line 1 show fault zone trapped waves with relatively large amplitude, low-frequency and long-duration wave train after the S waves. Since the trapped waves arise from coherent multiple reflection along boundaries between the lowvelocity fault zone and the high-velocity surrounding rock, their amplitudes and frequencies are strongly dependent on the fault geometry and physical properties. Thus, fault zone trapped waves can be used to explore inner structures of the fault zone. The study of the fault zone trapped waves reveals that the shattereing width of Haiyuan fault zone near Xianzhou is about 250 m.

This paper describes the basic technique of the ground-penetrating radar for inspecting poured macadam pile of the highway,which includes data acquisition,processing and interpretation. It is pointed out that, with the inspecting technique of the ground-penetrating radar, we can make a qualitative analysis of the macadam pile integrity. The application of this technique to highway engineering has proved to be quite effective.

As a high and new technique developed rapidly in recent years, the transient surface wave exploration technique is widely used in engineering exploration with excellent results obtained. With practical engineering examples, this paper deals with the collection of surface wave signal along with seismic refraction exploration, the utilization of surface wave components to make analysis during data processing, the thickness division of overburden bed, strongly-weathered bed, intermediately-weathered bed and weakly-weathered bed in combination with the refraction data, and mutual reflection and interpretation of the burial condition of the bedrock surface.

The Tianshenqiao second-grade cascade hydropower station is a diversion-type power station. Because of the existence of relatively long diversion tunnel crossing complicated strata, karst and structures, conceptual schemes of reinforced liner and pile foundation were adopted to tackle the harmful geologic hole section. Besides, the surrounding rock underwent high pressure consolidation grouting to strengthen its stabilities. The quality of grouting was checked by water-pressure test and integrated geophysical prospecting. This paper mainly describes the unique designing thought in geophysical test, data processing, and methods, results and analysis of grouting effect appraisal in three diversion tunnels, in which the special section of main holes Ⅱ,Ⅲ and harmful geologic bodies were treated according to the corresponding design schemes.