For the purpose of solving the problems that have occurred in the anomaly appraisal and inspection in urban environment geochemistry, the authors carried out panning and thus found cinnabar and magnetic particles in anomalous areas of mercury and other heavy metals around urban districts in the alluvial plain. This achievement means an important advance in the study of urban environment geochemistry and also represents a new thinking and method for urban environment quality appraisal. The result is of great significance in the multi-purpose geochemical survey in alluvial plain. The deepgoing research work is now well under way.

Exploration geochemistry, environmental geochemistry and agricultural geochemistry are quite different from each other in such aspects as the selection of experimental areas, sampling point arrangement, sample acquisition and project analysis. It is the main purpose of this paper that the superiority of exploration geochemistry and regional geochemical data can be successfully applied to environmental and agricultural fields so as to play their guiding role in comprehensive ecological improvement and agricultural production.

In order to understand the effectiveness of the integrated geophysical and geochemical techniques in mineral exploration within Tibet, the authors carried out a survey in Qulong and Jiama copper mining areas. The methods used and the results obtained are described in this paper. It has been shown that the integrated geophysical and geochemical methods have great potential in the exploration and evaluation of mineral resources in Tibet.

Comprising 50 249 density data, 11374 magnetic susceptibility data and 8 889 remanent magnetization data, the regional stratigraphic physical column based on stratigraphic regionalization has been set up to guide geophysical survey in Jiangxi Province, southern China.

As ground gamma spectrometry can only detect the shallow part, overburden layer will affect the value of survey in a certain degree. This paper discussed the problem of shallow overburden layer affecting ground gamma-spectrometry during geological mapping in Daxin’anling area. By sampling the radioactive elements, and analyzing the minerals in rock-soil as well as the field measure profiles, a few influence factors in gamma spectrometry application were obtained, and some basis and evidences for geological mapping have provided.

This paper has studied multi-formation geological anomalies of stream sediments in quartz vein type molybdenite deposits and in the regional metallogenic belt. The result can serve as geochemical basis in search for quartz vein type molybdenum deposits.

During oil production, the water injection technique is used to increase the pressure of the reservoir. The salinity of injected water is usually lower than the original water salinity of the reservoir, so the reservoir water will be placed gradually. This has to do with a variety of rock-electro parameters such as m, a, m, and b which are related to oil saturation calculation of the reservoir. In this paper, the authors arranged a series of experiments to test the characteristics of strata factors and resistance increment under different salinities, and concluded the regularity governing the variation of the conglomerate rock-electro parameters, which is of great guiding significance in the prospecting for oil in the Karamay oilfield.

In this paper, the authors have reported the application of airborne gravity survey in the United States, Canada, Australia and some other countries in 20th Century, and analyzed the adaptability of the airborne gravity surveying techniques used abroad to regional geophysical exploration and basic geological researches in harsh and complex areas as well as in desert, swamp and other severe terrains within central and western China.

As heavy oil has fairly high aromatic hydrocarbon compound characterized by a wide range of components, the application of three-dimensional fluorescence pattern composed of excitation wavelength, emission wavelength and fluorescence intensity can detect the composition, intensity and characteristics of aromatic hydrocarbon compound. When it is used in the analysis of rock, soil and groundwater samples, this technique can provide reliable geochemical foundation for oil and gas exploration, and hence can serve as an effective means for distinguishing different kinds of crude oil and predicting properties of hydrocarbon rocks.

Based on oil and gas geochemical exploration research work conducted in Ordos basin, it is held that the factors affecting the concentration of acid hydrolytic hydrocarbon are mainly land form, topography, lithologic character, carbonate content and strata. The methods put forward by the authors for eliminating and suppressing these interfering factors prove to be fairly effective in practice.

In order to extend the exploration depth of the transient electromagnetic instrument, the authors have successfully developed the strong field source transient electromagnetic instrument on the basis of adsorbing ripe technology in electron industry. The instrument has such merits as transmission of large quantities of current, short cut-off time and great exploration depth. A tentative application of this instrument in a certain copper mine has proved that it can be used effectively in field work.

This paper describes several methods for detection of short-interval parallel pipelines and, with practical examples, makes a comparison of their effectiveness.

Based on introducing the mathematical principles, time spectrum characteristics and equivalent electric current ring properties of several typical models, the author has put forward a technique for rapid interpretation of data obtained by the transient electromagnetic method. Simple, convenient and practical, this technique is likely to be popularized in basic units.

This paper has analyzed the particularity of the geophysical field in the coal mine. It is indicated that measuring resistivity in frequencydomain has advantages of suppressing the industrial noise in an effective way and overcoming the bad earth condition of the ground electrodes. In addition, it meets the requirement of the underground work. The application of this method in a coal mine shows that it can accurately locate the anomalous body in threedimensional space. It can therefore be used to detect the waterbearing and waterconducting structures in a coal mine before the beginning of the mining work.

This paper deals with seven zircon samples, which were collected from the Baiyinchang orefield, analyzed by the isotopic dilution technique and dated by the U-Pb Method. According to the height to the central wavelength ratio of the 615cm^-1 absorption peak, the degrees of metamictization were measured, and the zircons were hence classified into crystalloid zircon, half-metamict zircon and metamict zircon. Having consulted some relevant data, the authors estimated the amounts of U-Th and the ages of these zircons on the basis of the zircon infrared spectrometry, and compared the infrared data with the geochronological U-Pb data of these zircons and with the Rb-Sr data of whole rocks and minerals.

A brief introduction to the automatic plotting aerogeophysical profile map is given firstly in this paper, and some processing methods are described on some plotting issues. Emphasis is put on the visualization processing methods, e.g. color shading filling and color romance shading. Shading degree and transparency concepts in coloring are described, and their application is discussed.

Euler deconvolution is an important inversion method for the interpretation of magnetic and gravity anomalies. In this paper, some problems related to the practical application of Euler deconvolution have been examined in detail and the improved Euler method has been put forward by introducting three new criteria, i.e., horizontal gradients filtering criterion, distance constraint criterion and convergence constraint criterion.

After entering the highly water-bearing period, the reservoir fundamental parameters would remarkably change. The precision of calculating permeability can hardly be achieved by traditional methods. In this paper, a new method is put forward, which calculates permeability on the basis of reservoir fluid flow unit. This method was applied to the reservoir evaluation of Block Huan26 in the Liaohe oilfield, with satisfactory results obtained.

In some western China areas like Tazhong, Yanqi basin and Bayan Hot, the surface seismic geological conditions are bad, and the underground geological structures are very complex. Aimed at solving such prominent seismic exploration problems of these areas as static correction of seismic data, weak reflection signal, various well developed disturbing waves and bad migration imagery, the authors, based on repeated analysis and test, have developed a set of seismic data processing techniques. With this set of techniques, the static correction can be solved, the signal-to-noise ratio can be raised, and the precision of the migration imagery can be improved. Practice shows that the application results are satisfactory.

The paper deals with the data processing technique of shallow seismic exploration under the condition of low signal-to-noise ratio. The interferences with seismic exploration for geologic hazards are caused by cultural and geological noise. This method has been proved to be effective, as evidenced by good results obtained by the processing practices in several years. With this technique, the applied area of seismic exploration for geological hazards can be extended.

In this paper, contour diagrams are drawn with nine SURFER gridding methods. A comparison between contour diagrams drawn by hand and those by SURFER shows that Radial Basis Function gridding methods can be used in the drawing of geochemical contour diagrams. This paper also presents the flow chart for calculating the coordinate of MAPGIS-drawn contours in SURFER-processed Surfer plot files.

This paper deals with the properties and applied ranges of different numerical calculation methods in 3D forward simulation for mine direct current method, puts forward the application of logarithmic even space and arithmetical even space to dissecting the discussed model, and explains the geological conditions met by electrode interchange. Considering the "non-biggest" diagonal elements characteristics of the coefficient matrix, the paper adopts the "big-data" processing method to fit the calculation method of the available linear equations. Through discussing some concrete problems, the authors expound the interrelationship between calculation precision and calculation time of the geological model, thus providing theoretical basis for selecting model parameters.

The authors calculated the reaction spectra of seismic waves that came from the practical soil layer at different depths and, by modifying the practical soil layer parameters and analyzing the spectra of seismic waves in varied depths of the soil layer and the soft interlayers, drew some significant conclusions.

A fairly good exploration result was achieved by making rational use of the integrated geophysical method in engineering exploration of Baohe reservoir. The authors made lithostratigraphic classification below the dam and detected the thickness of the water-resisting overburden, the distribution of the groundwater level, and the direction and velocity of the seepage in the reservoir area. It has been proved in practice that the integrated geophysical method is of great utilization potential in water engineering reconnaissance.

This paper has described the authors’ experience acquired in applying the ground-penetrating radar, Rayleigh wave and DPT to examining weak groundsill in the subway tunnel,and also discussed the application conditions of these means as well as their merits and shortcoming.

This paper deals with the TSP203 type tunnel wall rock geological forecast system, describing its constituents, functions, working principle and method, and the steps of data processing. Examples are given to illustrate its application results.

This paper deals with the theory and measuring technique of 3-D direct current survey used in environmental and engineering survey. With the prospecting of obsolete air-raid shelters in Xuzhou Xinhua Book Store as an example, the paper points out that 3-D direct current survey is an effective method in engineering survey.