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  • Table of Content
      24 December 2003, Volume 27 Issue 6 Previous Issue    Next Issue
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    FROM EXPLORATION GEOCHEMISTRY TO APPLIED GEOCHEMISTRY
    XIE Xue-jing
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 412-415.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (425KB) ( 781 )

    Exploration geochemistry"is developing from a mineral prospecting technique to a young branch of applied earth science. It is expected that this young science would make extraordinary contributions to solving important resources and environmental problems during the 21th century. This point of view hasn' t even been fully acknowledged by a large number of exploration geochemists themselves.The scope of application of exploration geochemistry will be widened so drastically in the coming decades that the title of "applied geochemistry" will be more suitable for harmonizing its development.Applied geochistry as a branch of geosciences, is just taking shape. It is a multi disciplinary activity by chemists, geochemists, mathematicians, physists, geologists, agronomists, environmentalists etc. There is a scientific journal which bears the same name, but the results of study in this field have been widely scattered in different journals. No scientific society with this title has been organized. So there is a great chance for the Association of Exploration Geochemists to change its name to the Association of Applied Geochemisty, in order to attract a large number of multidisciplinary oriented scientists toward the same end of making greater contributions in solving important resources and environmental problems. The idea of geochemical mapping as the basic support for the development of applied geochemistry will help the multidisciplinary scientists to broaden their horizon from problems very local to problems with regional or even global overviews.

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    THE ADVANCES IN THE INTEGRATED APPLICATION OF OILFIELD HYDROGEOCHEMICAL TECHNIQUE
    LI Wu, CHENG Tong-jin, WU Chuan-zhi, HU Bin
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 416-418,422.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (547KB) ( 982 )

    With the development of oilfield water analyzing technique, a series of achievements have been made in the application of oilfield water geochemical technique. In this paper, the oilfield water analyzing technique, the oilfield water chemical composition classification and pattern recognition technique as well as the relationship between oilfield water composition and oil/gas reservoirs are summarized. The development trend of oilfield geochemical research has also been pointed out.

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    THE EXPLORATION SIGNIFICANCE OF WEAK AND GENTLE GEOCHEMICAL ANOMALIES IN NORTHERN HEBEI
    LI Xiao-hong
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 419-422.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (524KB) ( 855 )

    Numerous geochemical anomalies delineated by 150 000 drainage sediment survey in northern Hebei are weak and gentle anomalies or single element anomalies. In the "high, large and comprehensive" anomaly areas,a bunch of large and medium size deposits such as the Fengning silver deposit have been discovered, and in the low anomaly areas,some medium and small size deposits such as the Wanquansi deposit and the Chapeng deposit have also been detected,which proves that low anomalies at favorable structure positions and volcanic intrusive areas also have good indicating significance.

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    A REVIEW OF 1:200 000 REGIONAL GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION IN THE FOREST-SWAMP AREA OF EASTERN INNER MONGOLIA
    YE Zhu-cai, WANG Hui-feng
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 423-424,427.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (297KB) ( 577 )

    1: 200 000 regional geochemical exploration work has been carried out in the forest swamp area of eastern Inner Mongolia, which can be divided into four different stages. Based on a review of the techniques used and results obtained in these four different stages, it is held that, with the gradual deepening of the understanding of such a specific landscape, the working methods and techniques have been improved steadily. Eight ore spots and seventeen mineralized spots have been discovered, of which there are seventeen silver zinc deposits and one gold deposit. The result of geochemical exploration is quite satisfactory and can objectively reflect the surface geochenmical characteristics of structures and rock-forming and ore forming processes in the working area, thus remarkably raising the reliability and truthfulness of geochemical information.

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    THE REVIEW AND PROSPECT OF REGIONAL GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION IN XINJIANG
    Zhuang Dao-ze, Liu-Tuo, Hu Jian-wei, Wang Xue-yan
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 425-427.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (169KB) ( 873 )

    Up to 2000, regional geochemical exploration in rock areas of Xinjiang had nearly been completed with the covering area of 857 400 km2. The author introduced the results of regional geochemical exploration of Xinjiang,and the existing problems,and made prospects for the future work in this region.

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    THE SIGNIFICANCE OF ELEMENT ABUNDANCES OF ROCKS IN THE STUDY OF GEOCHEMICAL BLOCKS
    CHI Qing-hua
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 428-430,444.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1395KB) ( 1046 )

    The abundances of 14 ore forming elements such as Au, Ag, Cu, Pb, Zn, Sb, Hg, W, Sn, Mo, U, Cr, Ni and Co in exposed crust and various rocks within different geochemical landscapes have obvious significance in the division and study of geochemical blocks of stream sediments. The application of abundances of chemical elements in rocks to the study of geochemical blocks can not only find out the geneses of geochemical blocks of stream sediments in different landscape regions but also provide the comparison conditions for the study of geochemical blocks. Therefore, the abundances of chemical elements in different tectonic units or geochemical landscape regions should be set up, and the study of their relationship with abundances of chemical elements in rocks and stream sediments should be strengthened so as to provide important and more rational evidence for the division and interpretation of geochemical blocks.

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    GEOCHEMICAL MINERAL EXPLORATION IN FOREST-SWAMP AREAS
    JIN Jun, DING Ru-fu, CHEN Wei-ming
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 431-434,448.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1487KB) ( 813 )

    Based on investigation of landscape characteristics and test of middle large scale geochemical exploration methods in forest swamp areas within Northeast China, the authors studied some theories and methods for ore prospecting, such as characteristics of landscape geochemistry, modes of occurrence of elements and mechanism and factors affecting their migration and concentration, and media, granularity and methods for sampling. Some regularities governing secondary geochemical dispersion and enrichment are summarized, and some geochemical exploration methods are suggested for this area.

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    THE APPLICATION OF NEW 1:200 000 REGIONAL GEOCHEMICAL METHODS TO WUCHAGOU SHEET IN INNER MONGOLIAN FOREST-SWAMP AREA
    WANG Hui-feng, YE Zhu-cai
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 435-437.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (172KB) ( 659 )

    New methods and technologies were used to conduct 1:200 000 regional geochemical exploration in Wuchagou sheet, Inner Mongolia. The regional geochemical information obtained quite objectively reflects surface geochemical characteristics of lithosphere in this area. Quite a few geochemical anomalies with ore prospecting significance were detected, which, as shown by preliminary inspection, reflect mineralization. Characteristics of geochemical background distribution provide relatively objective geochemical data for the evaluation of resources and environment and the study of basic geology.

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    THE EFFECT OF APPLYING STRUCTURAL SUPERIMPOSED HALOS TO THE PROGNOSIS OF DEEP BLIND OREBODIES IN THE GOLD ORE DISTRICT
    LI Hui, ZHANG Guo-yi, WANG Zhi-nong, ZHANG Wen-hua
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 438-440.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (379KB) ( 1096 )

    Based on the theory of primary halo zoning and taking into account the element associations and the axial zoning of an orebody at different ore forming stages as well as the spatial superimposition, this paper has established a new model for prognosis of blind orebodies?the structural superimposed halo model. This model has been proved to be effective in the prognosis of blind orebodies in certain gold ore districts and their surrounding areas.

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    CHARACTERISTICS OF GEOCHEMICAL ANOMALIES IN THE QULONG PORPHYRY Cu-Mo DEPOSIT OF TIBET
    LIU Chong-min, HU Shu-qi
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 441-444.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (363KB) ( 827 )

    Multi elements primary geochemical anomalies are well developed in the Qulong porphyry Cu Mo deposit. The anomalies of ore forming elements Cu and Mo(Ag) are characterized by high intensity and large size, and accord quite well with the mineralization. The anomalies of associated elements Au, Bi, Pb, As, Sb and Hg are mainly distributed on both sides of the ore anomalies, whereas the anomalies of B Co and Ni Mn Zn are spread around the ore anomalies. Na2O occurs as negative anomalies while K2O appears as positive anomalies in the ore district. Based on the above-mentioned association of elements, the horizontal zoning, and the Na2O poor and K2O rich ore forming environment, it is considered that the Qulong Cu-Mo deposit is a typical porphyry deposit subjected to strong denudation.

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    GEOCHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF Pt AND Pd ANOMALIES IN STREAM SEDIMENTS OF XIANGLUSHAN AREA,GUIZHOU PROVINCE
    CHENG Hang-xin, ZHAO Chuan-dong, ZHUANG Guang-min, LIAO Chao-gui, LIU Zheng-xian, CHEN Jin-fa, FENG Ji-zhou, MA Xiao-ming
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 445-448.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (489KB) ( 606 )

    Stream sediment survey with density of 1 sample /km2 led to the delineation of a Pt, Pd, Au geochemical anomaly belt in Sujiaying Zejiaping area. The distribution of Pt was completely coincident with the Pd and Au anomalies which are obviously controlled by NNW or NS trending structures. It is inferred from the size and intensity of Pt, Pd and Au anomalies that some PGE deposits may occur in Sujiaying Zejiaping area.

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    A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF SAMPLING DENSITY IN GEOCHEMICAL MINERAL EXPLORATION
    SUN Zhong-jun,
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 449-451.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (273KB) ( 641 )

    Sampling density in geochemical mineral exploration is controlled by such factors as geochemical landscape, stream distribution and geomorphic evolution. Fractal area density, drainage area ratio and altitude coefficient can reveal the forming mechanism of these three aspects. As the foundation of the sampling density theory, the factor model of sampling density could guide the formulation of sampling density and sampling layout in geochemical mineral exploration.

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    THE APPLICATION OF ORGANIC MATTER TO GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION IN FOREST-SWAMP AREAS OF NORTHEAST CHINA
    KONG Mu, YANG Shao-ping, LIU Ying-han,
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 452-454,461.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (221KB) ( 660 )

    Methods and Technologies for regional geochemical anomaly follow up and inspection were tested at some ore districts (ore spots) in forest swamp areas of Northeast China, with peat and humus layer soil as the sampling media. It is discovered that the measured contents of such major ore forming elements as Au, Ag, Cu, Pb and Zn are basically consistent with their contents in stream detrital sediments and residual slope materials, both reflecting orebodies satisfactorily. Studies show that organic matter can be used in geochemical exploration within such landscape areas.

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    THE LIQUID COLLECTING MEDIA FOR NANOSCAL MATERIAL GEOCHEMICAL SURVEY
    LIU Ying-han, KONG Mu, SUN Zhong-jun, ZHANG Hua, ZHANG Qin
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 455-457,464.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (211KB) ( 732 )

    Different liquids, pure water and hydrochloric acid, nitric acid and aqua regia were tested with ICP-MS analysis to collect borehole nanoscale material, and concentrations of elements in varied liquids were determined. The application of 3% nitric acid and 3% aqua regia yielded good results in nanoscale material geochemical survey in known concealed ore districts.

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    DYNAMIC SIMULATION OF OIL AND GAS MICROSEEPAGE IN WEST SICHUAN AND SOUTH SONGLIAO BASINS
    XIA Xiang-hua, CHEN Yin-jie, YAO Jun-mei, ZHU Huai-ping
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 458-461.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1500KB) ( 535 )

    The Xiaoquan-Xinchang Gas Field in west Sichuan and the Houwujiahu Gas Field in south Songliao Basin were selected as the study areas, and core samples from 14 wells were analyzed for such indices as heating released hydrocarbon, acid extracted hydrocarbon and fluorescence so as to study vertical hydrocarbon micromigration. Being influenced by the physical properties of rocks, heating-released hydrocarbon and fluorescence indices show positive gradient in varying degrees. Acid extracted hydrocarbon concentration, however, shows negative gradient in some sectors of oil and gas wells or is not correlative with other geochemical indices. Based on these results, the authors established the hydrocarbon microseepage model and made dynamic simulation. The results of simulation coincide with the measured data.

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    THE APPLICATION OF WAVE SPECTRUM ANALYSIS TO OIL AND GAS GEOCHEMICAL EXPLORATION
    REN Chun, PEI Tao, XIA Xiang-hua, BAO Zheng-yu
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 462-464.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (315KB) ( 676 )

    With wave spectrum analytical techniques of spatial geochemical data, one can obtain abundant information of the geochemical field, understand characteristics of geochemical fields of study areas from various aspects, extract essential oil and gas related knowledge from all kinds of data, pick up more accurate anomalous oil and gas information and objectively predict oil and gas perspective areas. Case histories show that low frequency filtering reveals the main features of geochemical field, intermediate frequency filtering is consistent with oil and gas fields, and high frequency filtering reflects shallow effects and noises which are difficult to be interpreted. By combining low and intermediate frequency results with results from different frequency fields, one can pick up anomalous oil and gas information more precisely.

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    THE APPLICATION OF ORGANIC HYDROCARBON GAS COMBINED WITH PRIMARY HALO SURVEY TO ORE PROSPECTING AND PROGNOSIS IN THE MAANQIAO GOLD DEPOSIT
    CHEN Yuan-rong, SHAO Shi-cai, XU Qing-hong, ZHANG Yue-hong
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 465-468.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (367KB) ( 619 )

    This paper describes the achievements made in the application of an integrated geochemical technique, i.e., the organic hydrocarbon gas survey combined with primary halo survey, to deep ore prognosis and its ore prospecting potential in the ore district. The application of this technique can be regarded as a tentative experiment to broaden the geochemical prospecting technique and method for metallic deposits (especially for deep concealed deposits), and also as a useful investigation for further understanding of geochemical anomalies around orebodies and improving the ore prospecting geochemical model.

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    THEORIES AND DEVELOPMENT TRENDS OF ECOLOGICAL GEOCHEMICAL MAPPING ABROAD
    SHI Ju-fa, LI You-zhi
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 469-472.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (200KB) ( 767 )

    The characteristics, objectives,principles and tasks of ecological geochemical mapping have been elucidated in this paper according to information acquired abroad. The tasks of ecological geochemical mapping include rational land use and regional programming, investigation of environmental geochemical baseline related to human health,prognosis of mineral resources and researches on agricultural geochemistry.

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    PHYTOREMEDIATION IN CONTAMINATED SOIL
    ZHOU Guo-hua
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 473-475,489.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (385KB) ( 1027 )

    Remediation of soil contaminated by heavy metals remains a difficult problem in the world. Phytoremediation is a new technique to eliminate contaminants or weaken their adverse effects on ecosystem by such means as phytoextraction, phytodegradation, phytovolatilization, rhizofiltration, phytostabilization and hydraulic pumping. Hyperaccumulator and accumulator plants play an important role in soil remediation. In the past decade some achievements have been made on the selection of hyperaccumulator plants and investigation of their mechanism on detoxification and hyperaccumulation with the help of molecule biology and gene technique as well as rhizosphere treatment and planting management. With the introduction of molecular biology and gene technique, we can expect a breakthrough in this technology in near future.

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    THE APPLICATION OF GEOCHEMISTRY TO AGRICULTURAL ENVIRONMENT OF SONGXIAN AREA
    CHEN Zheng-you, WANG Fu-gui, LIU Zhong-jie, ZHANG Yu-lin
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 476-479.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (207KB) ( 936 )

    Based on studies of such geochemical characteristics of Songxian County area as natural climatic and soil features, major and minor elements of parent rocks, physical and chemical properties of soil, total content of nutritive elements, effective state of nutritive elements and distribution of heavy metal elements, this paper deals with the background of soil agricultural geology, abundance and shortage of nutritive elements and soil environmental quality in this area, thus pointing out the way forward for agricultural production and adjustment of production structure.

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    ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF SOIL ARSENIC IN ORE CLUSTER AREAS OF SOUTHEASTERN HUBEI
    BI Xiang-yang, MA Zhen-dong, REN Li-min
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 480-483.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (194KB) ( 815 )

    77 soil samples and 34 soil sections from intermontane basins and alluvial plains along the Yangtze River and hilly lands in southeast Hubei were analyzed. A systematic analysis of pH and Eh values and arsenic concentration indicates that soil material is the chief factor affecting the content of As. Under the same geographical and climatic conditions, the pH and Eh values of soil seem to be the most important factors governing the vertical distribution of As. In the ore cluster areas, the soil is contaminated by As both naturally and artificially. There are many conspicuous physical and chemical differences between the two kinds of polluted soils in the vertical distribution of As content and in the pH values of soil.

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    CHEMICAL CHARACTERISTICS OF FLOATING DUSTS OVER CHENGDU CITY, SICHUAN PROVINCE
    CHEN Yue-long, YANG Zhong-fang, CHEN De-you, TANG Jin-rong, ZHENG Yan, ZHAO Jun-xiang
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 484-486,483.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (1303KB) ( 769 )

    Based on grain size determination, X-ray diffraction physical phase analysis and element composition analysis of floating dusts over the intersections of No. 1 Ring Road and No. 2 Ring Road as well as the thoroughfare of Renming Road in Chengdu City,the authors studied the composition,contents and associations of elements as well as spatial distribution of floating dusts over Chengdu City. On such a basis, some preliminary suggestions are made concerning the reduction of floating dust pollution.

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    A PRELIMINARY STUDY OF ENVIRONMENTAL GEOCHEMISTRY OF HOHHOT CITY, INNER MONGOLIA
    DING Tian-cai, AN Cun-jie, SU Mei-xia, TIAN Lin-hao, LIU Huan-lin, ZHANG Yu-bao,
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 487-489.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (401KB) ( 580 )

    In this paper, the authors studied environmental geochemistry of Hohhot, divided soil secondary environments according to their qualities, probed into the soil environmental geochemical element migration, and put forward some opinions for tackling various environmental geochemical problems.

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    POLYCYCLIC AROMATIC HYDROCARBONS IN LALU WETLAND OF LHASA CITY AND THEIR SOURCES
    LIU Jian-hua, QI Shi-hua, ZHANG Gan, ZHANG Wei-ling
    Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration. 2003, 27 (6): 490-492.  
    Abstract   HTML   PDF (295KB) ( 621 )

    Based on an analysis of samples from soil, sediments and atmosphere, the authors made a preliminary study of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in Lalu wetland within suburban districts of Lhasa City. The averages of 16 sorts of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons amount to 82.45×10-9, and the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons consist of both low cyclic ones and high cyclic ones. It is held that the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons in the wetland soil are derived mainly form the atmosphere.

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