音频大地电磁测深法数据质量监控——基于EH4测量电极对数据质量影响因素分析

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2025.1444

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摘要

音频大地电磁测深是一种广泛应用于中浅层地质探测的电法勘探技术,影响其数据质量的因素包括人文电磁干扰、电极极化和接地电阻等,本文主要研究电极极化和接地电阻对数据质量的影响规律。首先从理论上分析电极极化作用机理和接地电阻对视电阻率和相位的影响机理。然后结合实测数据分析了电极极化和接地电阻对视电阻率和相位曲线的影响规律,最后通过实测数据二维反演结果对比分析,揭示接地电阻对地质解释结果的影响。研究结果表明:电极极化会显著降低低频段数据质量,但可通过相应数据处理手段予以改善,对高频段影响较小;接地电阻不稳定主要影响高频段数据,造成视电阻率和相位显著降低,至低频段逐渐恢复稳定。此外,接地电阻不稳定将导致反演结果偏离真实地电结构,进而引发错误地质解释。本文研究结果为野外数据采集和资料处理提供了重要参考。

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	林家勇
	徐志敏
	周聪

关键词 ：音频大地电磁测深, 数据质量, 测量电极, 电极极化, 接地电阻, 地质解释

Abstract：

The Audio-frequency Magnetotelluric (AMT) sounding method is an electrical exploration technique widely used for shallow to medium-depth geological investigations. Its data quality is influenced by various factors, including cultural electromagnetic interference, electrode polarization, and grounding resistance. This study focuses on the impact of electrode polarization and grounding resistance on AMT data quality. First, the mechanisms of electrode polarization and the influence of grounding resistance on apparent resistivity and impedance phase are theoretically analyzed. Then, based on measured data, the effects of electrode polarization and grounding resistance on apparent resistivity and phase curves are investigated. Finally, a comparative analysis of 2D inversion results from field data is conducted to reveal how grounding resistance affects geological interpretation. The results indicate that electrode polarization significantly degrades data quality in the low-frequency band, though this can be mitigated through data processing techniques, while its effect on high-frequency data is negligible. Unstable grounding resistance mainly influences the high-frequency range, causing notable reductions in apparent resistivity and phase, which gradually stabilize toward the low-frequency band. Moreover, unstable grounding resistance may lead to inversion results that deviate from the true geoelectrical structure, thereby resulting in erroneous geological interpretations. The findings of this study provide important guidance for field data acquisition and processing.

Key words： audio-frequency magnetotelluric (AMT) method data quality measurement electrode electrode polarization ground resistance geological interpretation

收稿日期: 2024-11-12 修回日期: 2025-02-21 出版日期: 2025-10-20

ZTFLH:

P631

基金资助:云南省教育厅科学研究基金项目(2022J1377);国家自然科学基金项目(42364006)

通讯作者: 徐志敏(1986-),男,副教授,主要从事大地电磁法信号分析与处理研究工作。Email:xuzhimindx@126.com

作者简介: 林家勇(1968-),男,副教授,主要从事大地电磁法数据分析与应用研究工作。Email:591425127@qq.com

引用本文:

林家勇, 徐志敏, 周聪. 音频大地电磁测深法数据质量监控——基于EH4测量电极对数据质量影响因素分析[J]. 物探与化探, 2025, 49(5): 1126-1132.
LIN Jia-Yong, XU Zhi-Min, ZHOU Cong. Data quality monitoring of the audio-frequency magnetotelluric method: Analysis of factors influencing data quality based on EH4 measurement electrodes. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2025, 49(5): 1126-1132.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2025.1444 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2025/V49/I5/1126

Fig.1 EH4野外工作布置示意

Fig.2 不锈钢电极

Fig.3 铜电极

Fig.4 饱和硫酸铜不极化电极

Fig.5 固体不极化电极

Fig.6 接地电阻对视电阻率的影响

Fig.7 接地电阻对阻抗相位的影响

Fig.8 不同测量电极原始测量视电阻率—相位数据曲线

Fig.9 不同接地电阻原始测量视电阻率—相位数据曲线

Fig.10 云南福宜高速梁王山隧道勘察EH4数据二维反演结果剖面

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