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物探与化探  2020, Vol. 44 Issue (6): 1446-1454    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2020.1525
  生态环境调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
山东省安丘地区农业土壤重金属元素地球化学特征及环境评价
赵秀芳1(), 张永帅1, 冯爱平1, 王艺璇2, 夏立献1, 王宏雷1, 杜伟1
1.山东省第七地质矿产勘查院,山东 临沂 276006
2.南京农业大学 园艺学院,江苏 南京 210095
Geochemical characteristics and environmental assessment of heavy metal elements in agricultural soil of Anqiu area, Shandong Province
ZHAO Xiu-Fang1(), ZHANG Yong-Shuai1, FENG Ai-Ping1, WANG Yi-Xuan2, XIA Li-Xian1, WANG Hong-Lei1, DU Wei1
1. The Seventh Geological and Mineral Exploration Institute, Linyi 276006,China
2. College of Horticulture, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095,China
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摘要 

为了解山东安丘地区土壤重金属污染现状,在该区系统采集了10 194件表层土壤样品,对Cd、Hg、Pb、As等8种重金属元素含量开展测试分析,并采用地学统计、多元统计等分析方法,探讨重金属元素的地球化学分布特征及其可能的来源。结果表明,研究区土壤中Cd、Hg、As含量平均值与潍坊市土壤背景值相当,其他元素含量平均值稍高于潍坊市土壤背景值,8种重金属元素均值均小于规范风险筛选值。根据聚类分析,8种重金属元素主要分为4类,第一类为Cr、Ni、Cu和Zn,其分布主要受成土母质等自然因素的影响,且Zn同时还受人类活动影响;第二类为Cd、Pb,第三类为Hg,其分布特征受金属冶炼加工、交通、采矿等人类活动影响较大;第四类为As,除继承成土母质外,其分布特征还受人为活动的影响。采用《土壤环境质量 农用地土壤污染风险管控标准(试行)》(GB 15618—2018)评价研究区土壤环境质量,结果表明研究区土壤环境以安全区为主,无风险,仅在个别地方存在点源污染。
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赵秀芳
张永帅
冯爱平
王艺璇
夏立献
王宏雷
杜伟
关键词 ： 土壤重金属元素,  地球化学特征,  环境评价,  安丘市    
Abstract：

In order to understand the status of soil heavy metal pollution in Anqiu Area, Shandong Province,10 194 soil samples are systematically collected,the contents of 8 heavy metal elements including Cd, Hg, Pb and As are tested and analyzed.The geochemical distribution characteristics of heavy metal elements and their possible sources are discussed by using geostatistical and multivariate statistical methods.The results show that the average contents of Cd, Hg and As in the soil of the study area are similar to the background values of Weifang soil, and the average contents of other elements are slightly higher than the soil background values of Weifang.The average contents of the 8 heavy metal elements are all lower than risk screening values of standard. According to cluster analysis,eight heavy metal elements are mainly divided into four categories.The first category is Cr, Ni, Cu and Zn, whose distributions are mainly affected by natural factors such as the parent material of the soil, while Zn is also affected by human activities.The second category is Cd,Pb and the third category is Hg. The distribution characteristics of these elements are greatly affected by human activities such as metal smelting and processing, transportation, mining, etc.The fourth category is As, which is not only inherited from the the parent material of the soil, but also affected by human activities. The soil environmental quality in the study area is evaluated by Soil Environmental Quality Risk Control Standard for Soil Contamination of Agricultural Land(GB 15618—2018),the results show that the soil environment in the study area is mainly safe zone, risk-freeand. Point source pollution only exists in some places.
Key words： soil heavy metal elements    geochemical characteristics    environmental assessment    Anqiu city
收稿日期: 2019-11-06      出版日期: 2020-12-29
:  P632  
基金资助:山东省财政基金项目(鲁勘字(2016)57号)
作者简介: 赵秀芳(1972-),女,高级工程师,地球化学专业,主要从事环境地球化学研究工作。Email:zhxfwg@163.com
引用本文:   
赵秀芳, 张永帅, 冯爱平, 王艺璇, 夏立献, 王宏雷, 杜伟. 山东省安丘地区农业土壤重金属元素地球化学特征及环境评价[J]. 物探与化探, 2020, 44(6): 1446-1454.
ZHAO Xiu-Fang, ZHANG Yong-Shuai, FENG Ai-Ping, WANG Yi-Xuan, XIA Li-Xian, WANG Hong-Lei, DU Wei. Geochemical characteristics and environmental assessment of heavy metal elements in agricultural soil of Anqiu area, Shandong Province. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2020, 44(6): 1446-1454.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2020.1525      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I6/1446
Fig.1  安丘市地理位置
Fig.2  安丘市土壤类型
Fig.3  主要矿产分布
污染
项目		 风险筛选值/10-6
pH≤5.5 5.5<pH≤6.5 6.5<pH≤7.5 pH>7.5
镉 0.3 0.3 0.3 0.6
汞 1.3 1.8 2.4 3.4
砷 40 40 30 25
铅 70 90 120 170
铬 150 150 200 250
铜 50 50 100 100
镍 60 70 100 190
锌 200 200 250 300
Table 1  农用地土壤污染风险筛选值
污染
项目		 风险管控值/10-6
pH≤5.5 5.5<pH≤6.5 6.5<pH≤7.5 pH>7.5
镉 1.5 2 3 4
汞 2.0 2.5 4 6
砷 200 150 120 100
铅 400 500 700 1000
铬 800 850 1000 1300
Table 2  农用地土壤污染风险管制值
等级 一等 三等 三级
污染风险 无风险 风险可控 风险较高
划分方法 Ci≤Si Ci<Si≤Gi Ci>Gi
Table 3  土壤环境地球化学等级划分界限
元素 最大值/10-6 最小值/10-6 平均值/10-6 中值/10-6 标准差 Cv/% 偏度 峰度 潍坊市土壤
背景值[21]
Cd 5.96 0.01 0.12 0.11 0.12 94.90 1246.09 30.37 0.11
Hg 2.290 0.001 0.033 0.030 0.046 138.40 1310.1 31.29 0.03
Pb 1665.10 3.10 28.33 24.18 31.07 109.70 1004.05 25.27 22.90
As 223.00 0.01 7.79 7.70 4.02 51.60 861.03 17.84 7.80
Cr 2227.00 6.09 80.38 68.30 49.45 61.50 358.31 10.38 65.30
Ni 1084.00 2.94 37.21 29.70 31.27 84.00 137.57 7.02 26.90
Cu 288.00 3.63 25.19 23.10 11.10 44.10 43.32 3.76 21.20
Zn 1129.16 6.40 67.19 63.81 27.26 40.60 406.01 13.2 58.50
Table 4  表层土壤重金属元素含量统计特征值
Fig.4  表层土壤重金属元素含量空间分布
元素 Cd Hg Pb As Cr Ni Cu Zn
Cd 1
Hg 0.087** 1
Pb 0.583** 0.059** 1
As 0.145** 0.095** 0.175** 1
Cr 0.053** -0.035** -0.090** -0.067** 1
Ni 0.058** -0.042** -0.094** -0.066** 0.910** 1
Cu 0.187** ﹣ ﹣ 0.037** 0.616** 0.697** 1
Zn 0.571** 0.036** 0.295** 0.067** 0.403** 0.429** 0.625** 1
Table 5  土壤重金属元素间相关系数
元素 主成分
F1 F2 F3 F4
Cd 0.409 0.775 -0.176 -0.133
Hg 0.011 0.218 0.825 -0.498
Pb 0.170 0.802 -0.191 -0.047
As 0.031 0.390 0.498 0.786
Cr 0.829 -0.385 0.054 0.036
Ni 0.861 -0.385 0.052 0.043
Cu 0.855 -0.116 0.076 0.050
Zn 0.777 0.362 -0.097 -0.082
特征值 2.961 1.884 1.017 0.090
方差/% 37.02 23.56 12.71 11.23
贡献率/% 37.02 60.57 73.28 84.46
Table 6  表层土壤重金属元素因子载荷
Fig.5  表层土壤重金属元素系统聚类分析
元素 成土母岩
冲洪积物 玄武岩 火山岩 石灰岩 闪长岩 花岗岩
Cd 0.12 0.12 0.12 0.14 0.11 0.11
Hg 0.034 0.024 0.03 0.0305 0.026 0.019
Pb 24.45 17.57 25.46 23.235 26.99 19.96
As 7.55 5.75 9.01 9.48 8.57 7.44
Cr 68.12 172.50 74.28 72.2 60.26 139.78
Ni 29.11 112.56 31.64 34.2 25.05 70.74
Cu 22.57 46.13 24.78 25.91 20.55 30.92
Zn 63.16 95.12 68.13 70.235 60.93 71.68
Table 7  不同成土母岩中重金属元素含量
Fig.6  土壤环境综合地球化学评价
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