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物探与化探  2020, Vol. 44 Issue (6): 1261-1275    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2020.0003
  地质调查·资源勘查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
云南个旧老厂矿田东部大比例尺构造地球化学特征及找矿预测
黄大正1(), 陈守余1,2(), 赵江南1, 吴帅吉1, 张毓策1
1.中国地质大学(武汉) 资源学院,湖北 武汉 430074
2.地质过程与矿产资源国家重点实验室,湖北 武汉 430074
Large scale tectonic geochemical characteristics and prospecting prediction in eastern Laochang orefield, Gejiu, Yunnan Province
HUANG Da-Zheng1(), CHEN Shou-Yu1,2(), ZHAO Jiang-Nan1, WU Shuai-Ji1, ZHANG Yu-Ce1
1. School of Earth Resources, China University of Geosciences(Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, China
2. State Key Laboratory of Geological Processes and Mineral Resources, Wuhan 430074, China
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摘要 

老厂矿田是个旧锡铜多金属矿集区的重要组成部分,半个世纪以来,随着资源的消耗,老厂矿田已跨入资源危机行列。为缓解个旧锡矿矿产资源紧缺局面,延长矿山寿命,本文在对研究区开展1∶10 000构造地球化学测量的基础上,分析总结12种元素的地球化学特征,运用相关分析确定出元素相关关系,利用含量—面积(C-A)分形法确定异常下限,圈定异常范围,进而划分找矿远景区。结果表明:12种元素的离散、分异程度均较大,具有不同程度富集,其中Pb、Sn、Cu、Bi、As、Cd等为老厂东部主要成矿元素;Sn、Cu与Ag、Sb、Zn、Pb、As、Bi的相关性较好,与成矿关系密切;圈定的5处找矿远景区,经工程验证发现锡铜矿体,说明该地区应用构造地球化学方法可以有效地为找矿工作提供科学依据。
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黄大正
陈守余
赵江南
吴帅吉
张毓策
关键词 ： 构造地球化学,  C-A分形,  找矿远景区,  危机矿山,  个旧锡矿    
Abstract：

In the past half a century, with the consumption of resources, the Laochang orefield has entered the rank of resource crisis. In order to alleviate the shortage of mineral resources in the Gejiu tin deposit and prolong the life of the mine, the authors, on the basis of 1∶10 000 tectonic geochemical survey in the study area, analyzed and summarized the geochemical characteristics of 12 elements, used correlation analysis to determine the correlation of elements, used content-area (C-A) fractal method to determine the anomaly threshold, delineated the abnormal range, and then divided the prospecting area.The results show that the 12 elements are highly dispersed, differentiated and enriched in different degrees, among which Pb, Sn, Cu, Bi, As and Cd are the main ore-forming elements in the eastern part of Laochang, Sn and Cu elements have good correlation with Ag, Sb, Zn, Pb, As and Bi elements, and are closely related to mineralization; five prospecting area were delineated, and tin-copper orebodies were found through engineering verification,which shows that the application of tectonic geochemical method in this area can effectively provide scientific basis for the prospecting work.
Key words： tectonic geochemistry    C-A fractal    prospecting area    crisis mine    Gejiu tin mine
收稿日期: 2019-12-31      出版日期: 2020-12-29
:  P632  
基金资助:中国地质调查局项目“云南个旧老厂东深部资源调查”(DD2016005232)
通讯作者: 陈守余
作者简介: 黄大正(1995-),男,硕士研究生在读,矿产普查与勘探专业。Email:huangdz@cug.edu.cn
引用本文:   
黄大正, 陈守余, 赵江南, 吴帅吉, 张毓策. 云南个旧老厂矿田东部大比例尺构造地球化学特征及找矿预测[J]. 物探与化探, 2020, 44(6): 1261-1275.
HUANG Da-Zheng, CHEN Shou-Yu, ZHAO Jiang-Nan, WU Shuai-Ji, ZHANG Yu-Ce. Large scale tectonic geochemical characteristics and prospecting prediction in eastern Laochang orefield, Gejiu, Yunnan Province. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2020, 44(6): 1261-1275.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2020.0003      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I6/1261
Fig.1  云南个旧地区大地构造位置(a)及矿区地质简图(b)(据毛景文等[25]修改)
1—第四系;2—火把冲组板岩、砂岩、砂砾岩;3—法郎组砂岩、页岩夹凝灰岩和玄武质熔岩;4—法郎组玄武质熔岩;5—个旧组碳酸盐岩;6—下三叠统紫红色砂岩夹绿色砂岩、泥灰岩;7—哀牢山变质带;8—辉长岩;9—霞石正岩;10—碱长花岗岩;11—碱性花岗岩;12—斑状黑云母花岗岩;13—等粒黑云母花岗岩;14—断裂;15—向斜;16—背斜
Fig.2  个旧老厂矿田东部地质简图及采样位置
1—个旧组马拉格段三层,白云岩夹灰质白云岩;2—个旧组马拉格段二层,白云岩与含白云质灰岩互层;3—个旧组马拉格段一层,厚层状白云岩;4—个旧组卡房段六层,灰岩与灰质白云岩互层;5—个旧组卡房段五层,灰岩夹灰质白云岩;6—地层界线;7—断层;8—断裂破碎带;9—采样点位置
元素 分析方法 检出限/10-6 报出率/%
Ag ES 0.01 100
Sn ES 0.2 100
Sb AFS 0.05 100
As AFS 0.2 97.8
Bi ICP-MS 0.01 98.8
Cu ICP-MS 0.2 100
Zn ICP-MS 2 99.6
Mo ICP-MS 0.05 100
Cd ICP-MS 0.2 100
W ICP-MS 0.1 100
Pb ICP-MS 0.5 100
Mn ICP-MS 5 100
Table 1  构造地球化学样品分析方法及相关参数
元素 样品数 最大值 最小值 平均值 标准离差 中位数 变异系数 富集系数 全球碳酸盐岩[38]
Ag 597 44.80 0.01 0.75 2.66 0.14 3.53 >1 0.0n
Sn 597 2000.00 0.74 13.07 90.34 2.00 6.91 >1 0.n
Sb 597 370.27 0.02 8.72 27.03 2.20 3.10 43.60 0.20
Bi 597 315.37 0.02 0.74 12.91 0.07 17.48 >1 —
Mn 597 119900.00 0.03 1676.00 7827.60 312.60 4.67 1.52 1100.00
Cu 597 8816.00 0.50 29.37 362.80 5.60 12.34 7.34 4.00
Zn 597 23020.00 5.00 361.60 1200.62 89.70 3.32 18.08 20.00
Mo 597 200.00 0.22 2.41 12.78 0.67 5.29 6.03 0.40
Cd 597 2217.00 0.03 9.28 95.45 0.51 10.28 232 0.04
W 597 114.60 0.08 2.46 8.23 1.30 3.35 4.10 0.60
Pb 597 40506.75 3.98 467.86 2575.58 73.20 5.50 57.98 9.00
As 597 93305.00 1.00 181.07 3818.84 7.10 21.07 181.07 1.00
Table 2  老厂矿田东部构造地球化学元素含量参数统计特征
Fig.3  老厂矿田东部构造地球化学元素变异系数解释
Fig.4  老厂矿田东部构造地球化学元素对数含量分布直方图
元素 Ag Sn Sb Bi Mn Cu Zn Mo Cd W Pb As
Ag 1.00
Sn 0.61 1.00
Sb 0.64 0.61 1.00
Bi 0.35 0.49 0.40 1.00
Mn 0.76 0.57 0.66 0.26 1.00
Cu 0.53 0.64 0.57 0.60 0.44 1.00
Zn 0.71 0.61 0.74 0.27 0.75 0.54 1.00
Mo 0.44 0.53 0.41 0.48 0.30 0.56 0.31 1.00
Cd 0.64 0.48 0.54 0.34 0.63 0.50 0.70 0.30 1.00
W 0.52 0.57 0.67 0.39 0.49 0.46 0.47 0.50 0.29 1.00
Pb 0.74 0.66 0.74 0.37 0.76 0.60 0.83 0.44 0.67 0.62 1.00
As 0.64 0.69 0.75 0.63 0.57 0.70 0.68 0.53 0.58 0.57 0.70 1.00
Table 3  老厂矿田东部构造地球化学元素相关分析
元素 原始数据 剔除特高低值
样品数 峰度 偏度 样品数 峰度 偏度
Ag 597 0.76 0.83 590 0.40 0.70
As 597 6.39 1.57 578 0.11 0.53
Bi 597 10.32 2.39 556 1.19 1.23
Cu 597 5.72 1.68 560 0.12 0.67
Pb 597 1.22 0.88 584 -0.03 0.53
Sb 597 0.64 0.42 580 -0.14 0.31
Sn 597 4.00 1.89 504 0.56 1.03
Zn 597 0.55 0.71 594 0.20 0.61
Table 4  老厂矿田东部构造地球化学元素数据正态检验特征值
Fig.5  不同元素C-A双对数散点及分段拟合
元素 特征值
D1 D2 D3 D4 C1 C2 C3
Ag 0.04 0.53 1.37 — 0.08 0.78 —
As 0.04 0.65 1.18 — 4.07 17.38 —
Bi 0.05 0.95 1.54 — 0.07 0.23 —
Cu 0.03 0.84 1.60 — 3.80 17.78 —
Pb 0.02 0.56 1.06 — 36.31 398.11 —
Sb 0.02 0.15 1.27 — 1.55 9.55 —
Sn 0.03 0.51 1.05 2.33 1.38 9.12 18.62
Zn 0.01 0.53 1.35 — 46.77 281.84 —
Table 5  构造地球化学元素C-A分形统计特征
元素 Ag As Bi Cu Pb Sb Sn Zn
一级异常 0.78 17.38 0.23 17.78 398.11 9.55 9.12 281.84
二级异常 1.55 34.76 0.46 35.57 796.21 19.10 18.24 563.68
三级异常 3.10 69.51 0.92 71.13 1592.43 38.20 36.48 1127.35
Table 6  个旧老厂矿田东部元素异常下限统计
Fig.6  个旧老厂矿田东部1:10 000构造地球化学测量单元素异常
Fig.7  个旧老厂矿田东部综合异常分布及找矿远景区划分
1—Ag元素异常;2—As元素异常;3—Bi元素异常;4—Cu元素异常;5—Pb元素异常;6—Sb元素异常;7—Sn元素异常;8—Zn元素异常;9—综合异常区及编号;10—找矿远景区及编号;11—钻孔及编号;其他图例同图2
综合异
常编号		 面积
/km2		 元素组合 异常特征
HS-01 0.52 Sb-Bi-Pb-Cu-Zn-As-Sn-Ag 出露地层为个旧组马拉格段二层(T2g22)白云岩与含白云质灰岩互层、个旧组马拉格段一层(T2g12)厚层状白云岩,异常区内异常元素套合好,各元素三级浓度分带明显,异常区内断裂较为发育
HS-02 0.34 Sb-Cu-Sn-Pb-As-Zn-Ag 出露地层为个旧组马拉格段二层(T2g22)白云岩与含白云质灰岩互层,异常区内断裂较为发育,Sb、Cu、Sn聚于核部,Pb、Zn、Ag、As异常分布于外围,Ag、As、Pb、Sb、Zn三级浓度分带明显,但异常面积较小
HS-03 0.34 Zn-Cu-As-Sn-Sb-Ag-Pb-Bi 出露地层为个旧组马拉格段三层(T2g32)白云岩夹灰质白云岩、个旧组马拉格段二层(T2g22)白云岩与含白云质灰岩互层,异常区内断裂构造发育,Ag、Pb、Sb、Zn三级浓度分带明显
HS-04 0.34 Pb-Zn-Sb-Ag-Sn-Cu-Bi-As 出露地层为个旧组马拉格段二层(T2g22)白云岩与含白云质灰岩互层、个旧组马拉格段一层(T2g12)厚层状白云岩,异常区内断裂极为发育,元素套合较好,Sn、Cu、Sb出现三级浓度分带,但面积较小
HS-05 0.61 Zn-Sn-Ag-Bi- Sb-Cu-As-Pb 出露地层为个旧组马拉格段二层(T2g22)白云岩与含白云质灰岩互层、个旧组马拉格段一层(T2g12)厚层状白云岩,元素套合较好,具有2个浓集中心,元素三级浓度分带明显
HS-06 0.94 Zn-Ag-Sn-Sb-Pb-Cu-Bi-As 岩性较为简单,出露地层为个旧组马拉格段三层(T2g32)白云岩夹灰质白云岩,具有1个明显的浓集中心,异常套合较好,异常元素浓度高,异常面积较大,Ag、Pb、Sb、Sn三级浓度分带明显
HS-07 0.47 Sn-Ag-Sb-Zn-Pb-As-Bi-Cu 出露地层为个旧组马拉格段二层(T2g22)白云岩与含白云质灰岩互层、个旧组马拉格段一层(T2g12)厚层状白云岩、个旧组卡房段六层(T2g61)石灰岩与灰质白云岩互层,具有3个明显的浓集中心,异常套合较好,异常元素浓度较大,但异常面积较小
Table 7  综合异常特征统计
Fig.8  个旧老厂矿田东部野外及岩心照片
a—构造破碎带角砾岩;b—褐铁矿化;c—网脉状、细脉状方解石脉;d—褐铁矿化碎裂岩;e—含矿矽卡岩;f—矽卡岩硫化矿石;g—透辉石矽卡岩;h—绿泥石化大理岩
Fig.9  个旧老厂矿田东部地质—地球化学信息剖面
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