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物探与化探  2020, Vol. 44 Issue (2): 419-425    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2020.1288
  生态环境调查 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
广东省部分地区土壤放射性核素的测定和剂量评估
杨剑洲1,2, 龚晶晶1,2, 唐世新1,2, 胡树起1,2
1. 中国地质科学院 地球物理地球化学勘查研究所,河北 廊坊 065000
2. 自然资源部 地球化学探测重点实验室,河北 廊坊 065000
The determination of radioactivity concentrations in soil samples and dose assessment in parts of Guangdong Province
Jian-Zhou YANG1,2, Jing-Jing GONG1,2, Shi-Xin TANG1,2, Shu-Qi HU1,2
1. Institute of Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, CAGS, Langfang 065000, China
2. Key Laboratory for Geochemical Exploration Technology, MNR, Langfang 065000, China
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摘要 

天然及人工放射性是目前生态研究领域的热点之一。在本次试验中,抽查了广东省内不同土壤(沉积物)类型中放射性核素 238U、 232Th、 226Ra和 40K的含量,49件样品中 238U、 232Th、 226Ra和 40K的含量分别为84.3(17.9~209.1)Bq/kg、103.0(10.6~263.8)Bq/kg、77.7(12.0~206.0)Bq/kg和463.3(15.3~1557.6)Bq/kg,地表空气中的伽马吸收剂量率为126.8(27.2~265.9)nGy/h。研究区样品的等效镭为260.7(33.5~619.0)Bq/kg,外部危害指数值为1.2(0.15~2.8),年有效剂量率确定在155.5(33.3~326.1)μSv/y。将每件样品分为岩石背景、地貌背景和土壤类型三个变量因子,随机森林分析表明,样品中的放射性核素分布主要受控于不同的岩石背景,其次为土壤类型和地貌特征。与国内外不同地区的研究对比,广东省内土壤样品中的放射性核素浓度高于国内和全球的平均值,但放射性水平在安全范围内。

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杨剑洲
龚晶晶
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胡树起
关键词 土壤环境放射性辐射剂量岩石背景广东省    
Abstract

One of the main problems in the ecological researches is natural environmental radioactivity. In this study, the activity concentrations of naturally formed 238U, 232Th, 226Ra and 40K radionuclides were measured for various types of soil samples collected from Guangdong Province. Samples in 49 siteswere selected within the study area. The concentration of radionuclides of 238U is in the range from 17.9 to 209.1 Bq/kg, with the average value being 84.3 Bq/kg; that of 232Th varies from 10.6 to 263.8 Bq/kg, with average value being 103.0 Bq/kg;that of 226Ra varies from 12.0 to 206.0 Bq/kg, with average value being 77.7 Bq/kg; and that of 40K varies from 15.3 to 1557.6 Bq/kg, with average value being 463.3 Bq/kg. The gamma absorbed dose rates in air is in the range of 27.2~265.9 nGy/h, with an arithmetic mean of 126.8 nGy/h, while the annual effective dose rates (AEDR) are in the range of 33.3 to 326.1 μSv/y, with an arithmetic mean of 155.5 μSv/y. The calculated values of radium equivalent activity (Raeq) and external hazard index (Hex) for the soil samples in the study area is 260.7 (33.5~619.0) Bq/kg and 1.2(0.15~2.8), respectively. Sample sitesare assigned to regional bedrock, geomorphic landscape and soil type, respectively, resulting in three categorical variables. Random forest regression and correlation analysis show that the bedrock influences the levels of natural radioactivity in soils most seriously, followed by the soil type and then by the geomorphic landscape. The activities determined in Guangdong Province are generally higher than the average values of China and the values abroad, but are lower than the safe range of radioactive level.

Key wordssoil    environmental radioactivity    gamma dose rate    rock background    Guangdong Province
收稿日期: 2019-05-20      出版日期: 2020-04-22
:  P632  
基金资助:中国地质调查局地质调查项目(DD20190305)
作者简介: 杨剑洲(1990-),男,助理工程师,主要从事地球化学勘查方法研究工作。Email: yangjianzhou@igge.cn
引用本文:   
杨剑洲, 龚晶晶, 唐世新, 胡树起. 广东省部分地区土壤放射性核素的测定和剂量评估[J]. 物探与化探, 2020, 44(2): 419-425.
Jian-Zhou YANG, Jing-Jing GONG, Shi-Xin TANG, Shu-Qi HU. The determination of radioactivity concentrations in soil samples and dose assessment in parts of Guangdong Province. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2020, 44(2): 419-425.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2020.1288      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2020/V44/I2/419
核素 能量/keV 发射几率 本底计数率/s-1 探测效率/(cps/Bq) 最小可探测活度/(Bq/kg)
238U 63.3 0.038 0.1045 0.0250 15.1
226Ra 351.9 0.389 0.0485 0.0217 1.3
232Th 911.1 0.277 0.0175 0.0129 1.9
40K 1460.8 0.107 0.0339 0.0102 8.6
Table 1  HPGe γ谱仪实验参数
Fig.1  广东省地貌及采样点岩石背景分布 (图片修改自文献[20])
测试地点 238U含量/(Bq/kg) 232Th含量/(Bq/kg) 226Ra含量/(Bq/kg) 40K含量/(Bq/kg)
样品数 范围 均值±标准差 范围 均值±标准差 范围 均值±标准差 范围 均值±标准差
广东(本次) 49 17.9~209.1 84.3±52.9 10.6~263.8 103.0±67.5 12.0~206.0 77.7±52.4 15.3~1557.6 463.3±389.5
广东 144 12.4~186.8 71.2 1.0~152.7 57.2 2.4~134.6 50.8 35.8~1131.5 414.5
福建 143 13.9~136.0 55.2 19.5~260.0 96.3 18.0~201.0 62.0 24.0~627.0 609
格鲁吉亚M.区 22 14.9~59.1 25.4 17.6~54.9 26.9 243~784 464
Rize省(土耳其) 24 7.4~79.8 24.5 9.5~170.8 51.8 59.4~168.0 94.9 35.7~913.8 344.9
中国 7759 1.8~520.0 38.5 1.0~437.8 54.6 2.4~425.8 37.6 11.5~2185.2 584.0
世界 33 45 32 412
Table 2  土壤样品中主要放射性核素含量
Fig.2  区域岩石背景、土壤类型和地貌类型变量的重要性
Fig.3  不同岩石背景、地貌类型、土壤类型中样品238U、232Th、226Ra和40K比活度箱图
测试地点 γ辐射剂量率计算值/(nGy/h) γ辐射剂量率测量值/(nGy/h)
范围 均值±标准差 范围 均值±标准差
广东本次试验 18.1~271.3 120.5±72.5 27.2~265.9 126.8±56.4
广东 17.7~193.1 84.8±28.5
长江口沉积物 42.4~87.9 66.7±11.1
全国 12.7~1300 69.9±36.0 11.6~523.0 81.5±35.2
土耳其Rize省 10.7~156.4 56.9±36.8
Table 3  γ辐射剂量率的计算值和测量值
测试地点 Raeq/(Bq/kg) Hex AEDR/(μSv/a)
范围 均值±标准差 范围 均值±标准差 范围 均值±标准差
本次试验 33.5~619.0 260.7±160.9 0.15~2.8 1.2±0.7 33.3~326.1 155.5±69.2
长江口沉积物 88.5~194.0 141.1±24.4 0.25~0.55 0.39±0.07 52.0~107.8 81.83±13.7
格鲁吉亚M.区 59.4~168.0 94.9±94.9 36.0~104.0 36±58.2
土耳其Rize省 23.8~347.4 125±82.1 0.06~0.94 0.34±0.22 13.1~191.8 69.8±45.1
Table 4  土壤样品相关放射性危害指标
Fig.4  γ空气吸收剂量率测量值与计算值对比
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