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物探与化探  2021, Vol. 45 Issue (4): 1055-1063    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2021.0055
  方法研究·信息处理·仪器研制 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
瞬变电磁法探测复杂状态下煤矿充水采空区物理模拟实验
裴肖明1,2(), 冯国瑞1,2(), 戚庭野1,2
1.太原理工大学 矿业工程学院,山西 太原 030024
2.山西省绿色采矿工程技术研究中心,山西 太原 030024
Physical simulation experiment for detecting water-filled goaf of coal mine under complex conditions bases on transient electromagnetic method
PEI Xiao-Ming1,2(), FENG Guo-Rui1,2(), QI Ting-Ye1,2
1. College of Mining Engineering, Taiyuan University of Technology, Taiyuan 030024, China
2. Research Center of Green Mining Engineering Technology in Shanxi Province, Taiyuan 030024, China
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摘要 

煤矿充水采空区形成后,分布形态各异且位置不明,因此极易造成严重水害事故。为了精准定位充水采空区并研究其电磁响应特征,本文选择神东煤矿1号煤层为工程背景,采用亚克力玻璃架子充当实验台,并使用相似模拟材料充当各岩层设计了不同积水量以及不同垮落岩体存在状态下充水采空区的瞬变电磁探测物理实验。结果表明:当采空区内充水时,感应电动势曲线在衰减过程中会受到低阻效应而产生异常的“上凸”现象,且充水量越大异常幅度越明显。垮落岩体的存在会有限地减弱低阻异常效应。当采空区内未充水时,感应电动势曲线正常衰减,此时垮落岩体产生的影响可忽略不计。本次研究对于煤矿采空区水害防治具有重要意义。

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裴肖明
冯国瑞
戚庭野
关键词 瞬变电磁法充水采空区物理模拟实验感应电动势衰减曲线    
Abstract

After the formation of water-filled goaf in coal mines, the distribution patterns and locations are different and unclear. Therefore, it can easily cause serious water hazards. In order to accurately locate the water-filled goaf and study its electromagnetic response characteristics, the authors chose the Datong Majiliang coal mine as the engineering background, used acrylic glass shelves as the experimental platform, and took similar simulation materials as each rock layer to design the physical experiment of transient electromagnetic detection in the water-filled goaf under different water accumulation and existence situations of collapsed rock masses. The results demonstrate that, when the goaf is filled with water, the induced electromotive force curve will be affected by the low resistance effect during the attenuation process and produce an abnormal "upward" phenomenon, and the greater the water filling, the more obvious the abnormal amplitude is. The existence of collapsed rock mass will limitedly weaken the abnormal interference of low resistance. When the goaf is not filled with water, the induced electromotive force curve decays normally, and the impact of the collapsed rock mass is negligible.

Key wordstransient electromagnetic method    water-filled goaf    physical simulation experiment    decay electromotive force curve
收稿日期: 2021-01-28      修回日期: 2021-03-03      出版日期: 2021-08-20
ZTFLH:  P631.325  
基金资助:国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U1710258);国家自然科学基金联合基金重点项目(U1810120);国家自然科学基金项目(51925402);国家自然科学基金项目(51804208);山西省重点研发计划(社会发展领域)项目(201803D31044)
通讯作者: 冯国瑞
作者简介: 裴肖明(1994-),男,山西朔州人,硕士研究生,主要从事电磁法探测技术研究。Email: pxm2998944218@163.com
引用本文:   
裴肖明, 冯国瑞, 戚庭野. 瞬变电磁法探测复杂状态下煤矿充水采空区物理模拟实验[J]. 物探与化探, 2021, 45(4): 1055-1063.
PEI Xiao-Ming, FENG Guo-Rui, QI Ting-Ye. Physical simulation experiment for detecting water-filled goaf of coal mine under complex conditions bases on transient electromagnetic method. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2021, 45(4): 1055-1063.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2021.0055      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2021/V45/I4/1055
地层
名称
平均厚度
/m
埋深/m 岩层 岩层地质特征
侏罗系
中、下统
延安组
(J1~2y)
2.90 38.64 细砂岩 细砂岩
20.28 41.54 粉砂岩 多为粉砂岩,极少量细砂
岩,含有植物化石碎片
5.49 61.82 中粗砂岩 主要为中粗砂岩
9.37 67.31 1号煤层 结构简单,全区可采,
为本区主采煤层
8.09 75.40 砂质泥岩 灰黑色砂质泥岩,含
大量植物化石碎片
4.22 79.62 泥岩 泥岩
4.70 84.32 粉砂岩 主要为粉砂岩,
含有植物化石碎片
Table 1  神东煤矿1号煤层地层分布
岩层 层序 铺设高度/m 配比号 砂子/kg 石灰/kg 石膏/kg 水/kg
细砂岩 5 0.03 546 26.19 2.09 3.15 3.15
粉砂岩 4 0.20 637 125.50 6.50 14.50 14.50
中砂岩 3 0.05 537 47.22 2.82 6.61 5.69
2 0.1 873 62.00 5.50 2.25 7.00
砂质泥岩 1 0.08 673 50.64 5.12 2.24 5.76
总量 0.46 311.55 22.03 28.75 36.10
Table 2  岩层相似模拟材料配比
Fig.1  物理模拟系统示意
Fig.3  电阻测试系统示意
模拟岩层 细砂岩 粉砂岩 煤层 中砂岩 砂质泥岩 含水层
电阻率/(Ω·m) (3.4~3.5)×103 (7.6~7.7)×103 (2.5~2.6)×103 (6.8~6.9)×103 (2.6~2.7)×102 1~5
Table 3  各相似模拟试件的电性特征
Fig.4  测线测点布置
Fig.5  不同状态充水采空区的衰减电动势曲线
Fig.6  不同积水量采空区衰减电动势曲线(a)及衰减电动势响应增幅特征(b)
充水状态 采样时间/ms
0.5645 0.7005 0.8695 1.0800 1.3405 1.6640 2.0660 2.5645 3.1840
全充水 3.6301 3.5741 3.5219 3.4630 3.3243 3.1076 2.8268 2.4148 2.0729
充1/2水 3.4773 3.3705 3.2642 3.0884 2.8599 2.5970 2.2564 1.9737 1.7080
未充水 3.2616 3.0930 2.9304 2.6923 2.5167 2.3015 2.0897 1.7868 1.6064
Table 4  不同充水量采空区的衰减电动势响应值
Fig.7  不同垮落体存在状态充水采空区衰减电动势曲线
充水状态 采样时间/ms
0.5645 0.7005 0.8695 1.0800 1.3405 1.6640 2.0660 2.5645 3.1840
全充水 3.6301 3.5741 3.5219 3.4630 3.3243 3.1076 2.8268 2.4148 2.0729
全充水含垮落体 3.5917 3.5320 3.4377 3.3002 3.1049 2.9011 2.6377 2.3024 1.9881
充1/2水 3.4773 3.3705 3.2642 3.0884 2.8599 2.5970 2.2564 1.9737 1.7080
充1/2水含垮落体 3.4071 3.2613 3.0995 2.9220 2.7115 2.4262 2.1357 1.8610 1.6282
Table 5  不同垮落体存在状态充水采空区的衰减电动势响应值
Fig.8  不同充水条件下衰减电动势响应减幅特征
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