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物探与化探  2019, Vol. 43 Issue (2): 338-350    DOI: 10.11720/wtyht.2019.1446
  方法研究·信息处理·仪器研制 本期目录 | 过刊浏览 | 高级检索 |
东北平原区地块尺度土地质量地球化学评价合理采样密度研究
彭敏1,2,3,4, 李括1,2,3,4, 刘飞2,3,4, 唐世琪2,3,4, 马宏宏2,3,4, 杨柯2,3,4, 杨峥2,3,4, 郭飞2,3,4, 成杭新2,3,4
1. 中国地质大学(北京) 地球科学与资源学院,北京 100083
2. 中国地质科学院 地球物理地球化学勘查研究所,河北 廊坊 065000
3. 中国地质调查局 土地质量地球化学调查评价研究中心,河北 廊坊 065000
4. 中国地质科学院 地球表层碳—汞地球化学循环重点实验室,河北 廊坊 065000;
Reasonable sampling density for land parcel scale geochemical assessment on land quality in Northeast China Plain
Min PENG1,2,3,4, Kuo LI1,2,3,4, Fei LIU2,3,4, Shi-Qi TANG2,3,4, Hong-Hong MA2,3,4, Ke YANG2,3,4, Zheng YANG2,3,4, Fei GUO2,3,4, Hang-Xin CHENG2,3,4
1. School of Earth Sciences and Resources, China University of Geosciences, Beijing 100083, China
2. Institute of Geophysical & Geochemical Exploration, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China;
3. Research Center of Geochemical Survey and Assessment on Land Quality, China Geological Survey, Langfang 065000, China
4. Key Laboratory of Geochemical Cycling of Carbon and Mercury in the Earth’s Critical Zone, Chinese Academy of Geological Sciences, Langfang 065000, China.;
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摘要 

选择吉林省公主岭市大岭地区作为东北平原区典型代表区域开展土壤元素空间变异性、经典统计学合理取样数及不同采用密度数据空间插值对比研究。结果表明:①受地形平坦及成土母质相对单一等因素影响,研究区土壤元素空间变异性总体较小,大部分以轻中度变异为主(变异系数<15%),受人为因素影响较大的Cd、Hg变异系数分别为35.3%、136.6%,属于高度变异。②经典统计学确定的研究区合理采样数为80,该样本量可在95%的置信区间及允许误差为30%的条件下反应区内土壤元素含量的均值与方差,但因未考虑样本的空间属性,不足以反应区内土壤元素空间变异特征,具有一定的局限性。③通过对均匀抽稀后4种不同采样密度数据与实测数据空间插值对比研究,在定量评估空间插值相对误差、地块预测值相对误差及预测等级与实测等级一致性的基础上,结合土地质量地球化学调查工作精度要求,提出研究区地块尺度地球化学评价工作合理采样密度为8个点/km 2,该密度可在确保评价精度的前提下,大幅减少采样数量和工作成本。上述结论为东北平原及类似地区大面积开展地块尺度土地质量地球化学评价工作提供了关键的技术支撑,对进一步完善土地质量地球化学评价方法技术具有重要意义。

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彭敏
李括
刘飞
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马宏宏
杨柯
杨峥
郭飞
成杭新
关键词 地块尺度土地质量地球化学评价合理采样密度空间变异性空间插值东北平原    
Abstract

In order to identify the reasonable sampling density for land parcel scale geochemical assessment on land quality in Northeast China Plain, the authors studied spatial variability of elements in soils as well as reasonable sampling size based on classic statistics and conducted a thorough comparison of interpolation accuracies at four sampling densities in a typical area in Gongzhuling City of Jilin Province. As the area is dominated by flat land and the soils parent materials are mainly homogeneous sediments, most of elements in soils in this area display a minor to moderate variability, Cd and Hg which are sensitive to human activities have a significant higher coefficient of variation of 35.3% and 136.6%, respectively. Classic statistics show that sampling size of 80 is sufficient for providing a reliable estimation of mean and variance for the elements concentration in soils in this area ( under a P value of 95% and Er tolerance level of 30%); however, classical statistics could not make out the spatial allocation of soil properties at the unsampled locations. By comparing the relative error of spatial interpolation, the predicted value for land parcel and the predicted classes at four sampling densities, the authors suggest that the reasonable sampling density is 8 samples per square kilometer for land parcel scale geochemical assessment on land quality in the study area and similar areas in the Northeast China Plain, considering the tolerance level of Er (relative error) for the geochemical assessment on land quality. The results obtained by the authors may help optimize soil sampling density in land parcel scale geochemical assessment.

Key wordsland parcel scale    geochemical assessment on land quality    reasonable sampling density    spatial variability    spatial interpolation    Northeast China Plain
收稿日期: 2018-12-06      出版日期: 2019-04-10
:  P595  
  P632  
基金资助:中国地质科学院地球物理地球化学勘查研究所基本科研业务费“地块尺度土地质量地球评价采样密度研究”(AS2012J04);中国地质调查局项目“吉林省公主岭地区多目标地球化学调查”(12120113001400);“西南重金属高背景区1∶25万土地质量地球化学调查”(DD20160313)
作者简介: 彭敏(1984-),男,博士研究生,环境地球化学专业。Email:pm- ant@qq.com
引用本文:   
彭敏, 李括, 刘飞, 唐世琪, 马宏宏, 杨柯, 杨峥, 郭飞, 成杭新. 东北平原区地块尺度土地质量地球化学评价合理采样密度研究[J]. 物探与化探, 2019, 43(2): 338-350.
Min PENG, Kuo LI, Fei LIU, Shi-Qi TANG, Hong-Hong MA, Ke YANG, Zheng YANG, Fei GUO, Hang-Xin CHENG. Reasonable sampling density for land parcel scale geochemical assessment on land quality in Northeast China Plain. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2019, 43(2): 338-350.
链接本文:  
https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2019.1446      或      https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I2/338
Fig.1  公主岭市大岭地区地理位置示意
指标 分析方法 检出限 单位
As 氢化物—原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS) 0.2 10-6
B 发射光谱法(ES) 2 10-6
Cd 等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS) 20 10-9
Cl 压片法X-射线荧光光谱(XRF) 20 10-6
Co 等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS) 1 10-6
Cr 压片法X-射线荧光光谱(XRF) 2 10-6
Cu 等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS) 1 10-6
F 离子选择性电极(ISE) 100 10-6
Ge 氢化物—原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS) 0.1 10-6
Hg 冷蒸气—原子荧光光谱法(CV-AFS) 2 10-9
I 催化分光光度法(COL) 0.5 10-6
Mn 压片法X-射线荧光光谱(XRF) 10 10-6
Mo 等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS) 0.2 10-6
N 氧化热解 -气相色谱法 20 10-6
Ni 压片法X-射线荧光光谱(XRF) 1 10-6
P 压片法X-射线荧光光谱(XRF) 10 10-6
Pb 等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS) 2 10-6
S 压片法X-射线荧光光谱(XRF) 50 10-6
Se 氢化物—原子荧光光谱法(HG-AFS) 0.01 10-6
Zn 等离子体质谱法(ICP-MS) 2 10-6
SiO2 压片法X-射线荧光光谱(XRF) 0.1 %
Al2O3 压片法X-射线荧光光谱(XRF) 0.1 %
TFe2O3 压片法X-射线荧光光谱(XRF) 0.1 %
MgO 压片法X-射线荧光光谱(XRF) 0.05 %
CaO 压片法X-射线荧光光谱(XRF) 0.05 %
Na2O 压片法X-射线荧光光谱(XRF) 0.05 %
K2O 压片法X-射线荧光光谱(XRF) 0.05 %
Corg 氧化热解—电位法 0.1 %
pH 电位法 0.1 无量纲
  Instrumental methods and detection limit for soil samples
指标 单位 样品数 最小值 最大值 平均值 标准差 变异系数 n
As 10-6 1236 5.63 33.76 11.11 1.84 16.6% 2
B 10-6 1236 13.39 139.78 43.41 7.88 18.1% 2
Cd 10-9 1236 35.81 707.63 175.29 61.93 35.3% 6
Cl 10-6 1236 45.90 1411.80 109.70 97.48 88.9% 34
Co 10-6 1236 7.67 30.87 14.63 3.26 22.3% 3
Cr 10-6 1236 50.80 87.40 64.51 4.47 6.9% 1
Cu 10-6 1236 17.33 59.06 22.66 2.21 9.8% 1
F 10-6 1236 346.89 862.25 476.79 39.82 8.4% 1
Ge 10-6 1236 0.83 1.77 1.32 0.13 9.6% 1
Hg 10-9 1236 3.16 1333.03 45.85 62.65 136.6% 80
I 10-6 1236 0.91 6.05 2.73 0.59 21.5% 2
Mn 10-6 1236 232.61 2393.36 873.10 335.03 38.4% 7
Mo 10-6 1236 0.30 1.92 0.51 0.12 22.5% 3
N 10-6 1236 326.21 3536.15 1717.95 272.24 15.8% 2
Ni 10-6 1236 20.03 55.83 28.91 3.11 10.7% 1
P 10-6 1236 371.42 2180.34 853.03 194.72 22.8% 3
Pb 10-6 1236 20.52 185.26 27.06 5.83 21.5% 2
S 10-6 1236 101.17 1217.25 342.40 102.86 30.0% 4
Se 10-6 1236 0.06 0.51 0.22 0.04 19.0% 2
Zn 10-6 1236 45.74 453.58 63.54 12.40 19.5% 2
SiO2 % 1236 45.81 65.97 62.52 2.02 3.2% 1
Al2O3 % 1236 9.72 16.68 14.39 0.66 4.6% 1
TFe2O3 % 1236 3.26 5.88 4.37 0.29 6.7% 1
MgO % 1236 0.79 1.94 1.32 0.14 10.3% 1
CaO % 1236 0.92 8.78 2.02 1.04 51.7% 12
Na2O % 1236 1.28 3.55 1.91 0.18 9.5% 1
K2O % 1236 1.68 3.12 2.42 0.08 3.5% 1
Corg % 1236 0.24 4.59 1.62 0.29 18.1% 2
pH 无量纲 1236 4.83 9.25 6.96 1.08 15.6% 2
Table 2  公主岭市大岭地区土壤元素含量统计参数及合理取样数
Fig.2  公主岭市大岭地区土壤元素变异系数柱状图
Fig.3  空间插值相对误差(Er)计算方法示意图
a—1236点位数据地球化学图;b—640点位数据地球化学图;c—相对误差图;d—各误差范围内栅格面积比例
Fig.4  4种不同采样密度数据空间插值下的K、Se、Hg预测值与实测值相对误差柱状图

采样
点位
不同Er范围内地块数量比例/%
采样
点位
不同Er范围内地块数量比例/%
≤5% 5%~10% 10%~20% 20%~30% >30% ≤5% 5%~10% 10%~20% 20%~30% >30%
720 75.7 12.8 8.5 2.1 0.8 720 64.8 17.8 12.0 2.7 2.6
N 640 72.2 14.2 9.8 2.3 1.5 P 640 62.9 18.4 12.7 3.1 2.8
480 64.7 17.2 13.7 2.4 2.1 480 53.3 19.6 16.1 6.5 4.6
320 56.0 21.4 16.7 3.3 2.6 320 43.8 22.5 21.0 7.3 5.4
720 97.7 2.0 0.3 0.0 0.1 720 47.3 11.5 14.7 8.2 18.3
K 640 97.5 2.1 0.3 0.0 0.0 Hg 640 40.0 12.2 18.1 10.5 19.2
480 96.6 2.9 0.3 0.1 0.1 480 32.6 11.0 18.9 11.2 26.3
320 95.7 3.7 0.5 0.0 0.1 320 24.9 10.9 20.5 12.8 30.9
720 59.4 16.1 13.0 5.8 5.7 720 83.6 11.6 3.7 0.4 0.6
Cd 640 53.2 17.6 15.0 7.6 6.6 Pb 640 81.9 12.2 4.5 0.6 0.8
480 53.2 17.6 15.0 7.6 6.6 480 76.0 16.2 5.9 1.1 0.8
320 36.4 17.6 22.9 11.0 12.0 320 67.1 17.8 11.8 2.3 0.9
720 72.6 16.7 8.7 1.5 0.6 720 87.9 7.7 3.3 0.9 0.1
As 640 70.7 18.3 8.3 1.8 0.9 Cu 640 87.3 9.0 3.1 0.4 0.2
480 60.9 22.7 13.0 2.1 1.3 480 82.2 12.5 4.0 0.9 0.3
320 56.5 22.3 16.2 3.5 1.5 320 73.8 18.1 6.5 1.4 0.2%
720 85.0 10.2 3.5 1.1 0.2 720 84.0 10.8 4.7 0.5 0.0
Zn 640 85.9 10.1 2.9 0.8 0.3 Ni 640 82.5 10.9 5.7 0.8 0.2
480 78.2 13.8 5.0 1.4 1.5 480 76.7 16.5 5.7 0.8 0.3
320 73.2 18.5 6.2 1.8 0.3 320 72.0 18.3 8.4 0.9 0.3
720 88.7 8.2 2.8 0.3 0.0 720 74.8 14.9 7.6 1.2 1.6
Cr 640 88.1 8.8 2.8 0.3 0.0 Se 640 70.8 15.8 9.3 2.3 1.9
480 84.6 11.9 3.0 0.3 0.2 480 61.4 20.7 12.3 2.9 2.6
320 78.3 16.7 4.4 0.5 0.0 320 56.5 20.3 16.2 4.0 3.0
720 72.2 14.6 8.8 2.7 1.7 720 87.5 8.8 3.2 0.3 0.1
I 640 69.2 14.6 9.9 4.0 2.3 F 640 87.5 8.3 4.0 0.1 0.1
480 61.9 16.9 13.7 5.0 2.5 480 82.1 12.7 4.7 0.3 0.3
320 51.0 23.2 16.5 6.1 3.2 320 75.7 17.1 6.5 0.6 0.2
Table 3  4种不同采样密度数据元素地块预测值与实测值相对误差统计
Fig.5  4种不同采样密度下K、Se、Cd、Hg地块预测值与实测值Er柱状图
Fig.6  4种不同采样密度数据预测等级合格率柱状统计图
评价指标 预测等级合格率/% 评价指标 预测等级合格率/%
720
点位
640
点位
480
点位
320
点位
720
点位
640
点位
480
点位
320
点位
N单指标等级 91.33 89.72 86.07 82.33 Hg单指标等级 99.58 99.83 99.66 99.75
P单指标等级 78.84 77.57 70.69 64.66 Cd单指标等级 99.41 99.15 98.81 98.81
K单指标等级 85.30 85.64 81.90 78.93 Pb单指标等级 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
Se单指标等级 97.79 96.94 96.35 95.67 As单指标等级 100.00 100.00 99.92 99.92
I单指标等级 98.98 98.47 98.39 98.30 Cu单指标等级 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
F单指标等级 91.59 90.31 87.94 85.39 Zn单指标等级 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
养分综合等级 88.19 85.47 82.75 78.84 Ni单指标等级 100.00 99.92 99.92 99.92
环境综合等级 98.98 98.90 98.30 98.47 Cr单指标等级 100.00 100.00 100.00 100.00
质量综合等级 89.63 87.09 84.96 81.90
Table 4  4种不同采样密度数据预测等级合格率统计
Fig.7  640点位数据预测等级与1 236点位数据实测等级对比
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