Deconvolution is a common method for improving the resolution of seismic image in surface seismic processing. The key to deconvolution is to calculate the operator of deconvolution. Seismic data are affected by the resolution and signaltonoise ratio in themselves. It is thus difficult to get the accurate operator of deconvolution. In this paper, VSP data were used to extract the wavelet because of its high resolution and high signaltonoise ratio. Then the accurate operator of deconvolution was obtained by adopting matching calculation between surface wavelet and VSP wavelet. At last, deconvolution of wavelet replacement was applied to post-stack surface seismic data. Practical processing results show that this method can enhance the resolution of surface seismic profile. In addition,, continuity of the event, characteristics of the wave group and overall quality can also be improved obviously.