This paper describes the main difficulties in conducting three dimensional seismic exploration under the complex surface condition of lakes and swamps, and puts forward corresponding technical measures for guaranteeing the quality of field data acquisition and in door data processing. Based on the summarization of field data acquisition and data processing as well as a comparison between the structures surveyed before and after the exploration, the paper points out that the three dimensional work carried out by the authors not only proves to be effective in such surface complex areas as lakes, swamps and willow forests, but also provides experience for future three dimensional coalfield seismic exploration work in complex areas.