基于最佳小波基的地震面波插值方法

doi:10.11720/wtyht.2019.1216

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摘要

在利用实际地震数据中的面波反演近地表横波速度的过程中,若道间距较大、空间采样率不足,则会产生空间假频现象,从而降低频率速度谱的信噪比,影响频散曲线提取的精度以及反演效果,因此需要针对面波进行插值处理。文中提出了一种基于最佳小波基的地震面波插值方法,通过理论分析和实验误差对比在地震数据处理常用的众多小波基中选出适用于插值处理的最佳小波基bior6.8,提高了插值精度。针对面波同向轴为线性且斜率较大的特点,文中首先采用线性动校正的方法对面波进行拉平处理,再进行小波变换插值,最后进行反线性动校正恢复面波。通过对理论模型与实际资料进行插值处理验证了本文方法的有效性,插值后的面波记录波形恢复较好,显著提高了频率速度谱的信噪比,有效解决了面波数据空间采样率不足引起的假频问题。

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	王志农
	孙成禹
	伍敦仕

关键词 ：面波插值, 小波变换, 最佳小波基, 频率速度谱, 空间假频

Abstract：

The surface wave in the real seismic data can be used to invert near surface shear velocity.If the trace interval is large and the spatial sampling rate is not enough,there will be spatial aliasing.This can not only decrease the signal-to-noise ratio of frequency-velocity spectra but also affect the accuracy of dispersion curves and the result of inversion.So it is necessary to do the interpolation of surface wave.This paper presents a seismic surface wave interpolation method based on optimistic wavelet basis.The optimistic wavelet basis bior6.8 which is suitable for interpolation processing can be selected among many wavelet bases commonly used in seismic data processing through the theoretical analysis and the comparison of experimental error.The use of optimistic wavelet basis bior6.8 will increase the accuracy of interpolation.Because the events of surface wave are linear and the slopes of them are larger,this paper uses the linear normal moveout to level the events of surface wave firstly,then carries out the wavelet transform interpolation,and finally uses the inverse linear normal moveout to recover the surface wave.The effectiveness of the proposed method is verified by the interpolation result of theoretical model and real seismic data.After the interpolation,the waveform of the interpolated surface wave records is well recovered. It can improve the signal-to-noise ratio of frequency-velocity spectra,and solve the aliasing problem effectively caused by the undersampling of the surface wave data.

Key words： surface wave interpolation wavelet transform optimistic wavelet basis frequency-velocity spectrum spatial aliasing

收稿日期: 2018-06-04 出版日期: 2019-02-20

P631.4

基金资助:国家自然科学基金项目(41874153);国家自然科学基金项目(41504097);国家科技重大专项(2016ZX05006-002-03)

通讯作者: 孙成禹

作者简介: 王志农(1995-),男,硕士研究生,主要从事地震面波处理及反演研究工作。

引用本文:

王志农, 孙成禹, 伍敦仕. 基于最佳小波基的地震面波插值方法[J]. 物探与化探, 2019, 43(1): 189-198.
Zhi-Nong WANG, Cheng-Yu SUN, Dun-Shi WU. Seismic surface wave interpolation method based on optimistic wavelet basis. Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration, 2019, 43(1): 189-198.

链接本文:

https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/10.11720/wtyht.2019.1216 或 https://www.wutanyuhuatan.com/CN/Y2019/V43/I1/189

Fig. 1 二级小波变换示意

Fig.2 小波变换面波插值流程

Fig.3 最佳小波基bior6.8插值结果
a—原始记录;b—抽道记录;c—插值记录;d—插值误差

Fig.4 三类小波基插值误差对比
a—db类小波基误差;b—sym类小波基误差;c—bior类小波基误差

Fig.5 bior6.8小波基
a—分解尺度函数;b—分解小波函数;c—重构尺度函数;d—重构小波函数

Fig.6 bior6.8小波基对应的滤波器
a—分解低通滤波器;b—分解高通滤波器;c—重构低通滤波器;d—重构高通滤波器

Fig.7 抽道前后地震记录及频率波数谱
a—原始记录;b—原始记录对应频率波数谱;c—抽道记录;d—抽道记录对应频率波数谱

Fig.8 用于二维小波逆变换的四个子带
a—低频近似部分;b—水平方向的高频估计;c—垂直方向的高频估计;d—对角线方向的高频估计

Fig.9 插值结果及其频率波数谱
a—插值结果;b—频率波数谱

Fig.10 原始记录和插值结果的第61道波形对比

Fig.11 频率速度谱对比
a—原始记录频率速度谱;b—抽道记录频率速度谱;c—插值结果频率速度谱

Fig.12 插值前后地震记录
a—原始记录;b—插值结果

Fig.13 频率速度谱对比
a—原始记录频率速度谱;b—插值结果频率速度谱

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